Polymers and its applications

Polymers and its applicationsACKNOWLEDGEMENTI take this opportunity to present my votes of convey to all those guidepost who truly acted as lightening pillars to enlighten our way throughout this bear that has led to successful and satisfactory completion of this study. We be really grateful to our HOD for providing us with an opportunity to undertake this project in this university and providing us with all the facilities. We are juicyly thankful to Mr. Harminder Singh for his active support, valuable time and advice, whole-hearted guidance, devout cooperation and pains-taking involvement during the study and in completing the assignment of preparing the said project within the time stipulated.Lastly, We are thankful to all those, particularly the various friends who pick out been instrumental in creating proper, healthy and conductive environment and including new and fresh innovative ideas for us during the project, their help, it would have been extremely difficult for us to prepare the project in a time bound framework narration-Polymers were discovered long before anyone understood what they were. It wasnt until 1920 that German chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881-1965) made his macromolecular hypothesis, suggesting that polymers are actually giant molecules formed by the permanent attachment of countless smaller molecules.INTRODUCTION-A polymer is a large MOLECULE composed of repeat structural typically connected by chemical bonds like covalent bonds. Polymers are composed of very high molecular masses formed by the combination of large number of simple molecules.GEOMETRY-Polymers (or macromolecules) are very large molecules made up of smaller units called monomers or repeating units, covalently bonded together.Monomers / Repeat UnitsThe identity of the monomer residues (repeat units) comprising a polymer is its first and most important attribute.Microstructure-The microstructure of a polymer (sometimes called configuration) relates to the physical a rrangement of monomer (which I have explained above) residues along the backbone of the chain.CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERS-On the basis of structure-LINEAR POLYMERS ramify POLYMERSCROSS-LINKED POLYMERSOn the basis of molecular forces Elastomers Fibers ThermoplasticsThermosetting polymersThermoplastsThese are the polymers which butt be easily softened repeatedly when heated and hardened when cooled with little alteration in their properties. When heated due to the absence of cross links, they wrench free to move and and can be moulded into any desired shapes.EXAMPLES- Poly vinyl group Chloride (PVC) and Polystyrene and Polymethyl methacrylateThermosets-These are the polymers which undergo permanent change on heating and can not be remoulded into our desired shape. On heating their cross links get highly linked with each new(prenominal) and becomes hard and infusible.EXAMPLES-Bakelite,formaldehyde etc.PROPERTIES-Tensile strengthHigher tensile strength holds a greater weight before snapping. Tensile strength increases with polymer chain space and crosslinking of polymer chains.Melting pointThe term melting point when applied to polymers, suggests not a solid-liquid phase transition but a transition from a see-through or semi-crystalline phase to a solid amorphous phase.Boiling pointThe boiling point of a polymeric material is strongly dependent on chain length. The polymers with a large degree of polymerization do not exhibit a boiling point because they are decomposed before reaching their several(prenominal) theoretical boiling point.FUN FACT The polymer inside disposable diapers is called sodium polyacrylate. It can instantly absorb about 800 times its mass in water.APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS-molecular(a) science has developed enormously in recent eras. Molecular science has a major role in our lives. It has become a necessity in our daily routines we shall talk now about the basic applications of polymers without which life wasnt that easy. We are going to discuss some of the main polymers apply in our lives.RUBBER-HISTORY OF RUBBER subjective rubber, obtained from the sap of the hevea tree. Rubber was named by the chemist Joseph Priestley who found that a piece of solidified latex gum was good for pass out pencil marks on paper.TWO TYPES OF RUBBER ARE THERE-NATURAL RUBBERVULCANIZED RUBBER (SYNTHETIC RUBBER)NATURAL RUBBER-Natural rubber is a polymer of isoprene (2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene), with a joined network structure.There is no cross links between the polymer chains. It is not hard and tough. It becomes sticky and soft when heated. It can be easily deformed but regains its original shape after the stress is released. It involves a addition reaction in which one double bond in isoprene open to form a new bond with next unit forming a large chain.VULCANIZED RUBBER-.A chemical reaction of siemens (or new(prenominal) vulcanizing agent) with rubber or plastic to cause cross-linking of the polymer chains it increases strength an d resiliency of the polymer chemically the process involves the formation of cross-linkages between the polymer chains of the rubbers molecules. It was invented by Charles Goodyear in 1839.The formation of cross links formed at the time of vulcanization at the reactive sites makes rubber hard, tough with greater tensile strength. It has very high elasticity, resistance to oxidation and organic solvents. The sulphur bridge in this figure prevents the slip of the chains and rubber can be stretched to a limited point and when tension is removed the chains try to coil up regain its original shape.OTHER TYPES OF RUBBER-NEOPRENE RUBBER-USES used as insulator, qualification conveyor belt belts, printer roller belts are also made from it.SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber)-Known as BUNA-SUSES it is used for making automobile tyres and footwears.NITRILE RUBBER- Recognized as BUNA-NUSES-it is used for making oil seals, manufacture of hoses and tank linkings.REACTIONS INVOLVING IN THERE FORMATI ONS-PLASTICS OR POLYHALO-OLEFINS-A very useful but common commodity of our life. But nowa mean solar days it has become a serious problem due to its problem of degradation which is a process which is a time consuming process. These are called polyhalo-olefins because they are derived from halogen substituted olefins.POLYVINYLCHLORIDE-(PVC)-Its monomer is unit is vinyl chloride. it is prepared by heating vinyl chloride in an inert solvent in the presence of peroxides (eg.dibenzoyl peroxides).It isa hard horny material. It is a thermoplastic polymer and its plasticity can be increased . Fig 15.0USES-It is used in manufacturing of rain coats, hand bags, curtain clothes, toysArtificial flooring.As a good insulating material in wires and other electrical goods.For making gramophone records.TEFLON-(POLYTETRAFLOUROETHYLENE)Tough material resistant to heat and chemical actions such as acids and bases. It is an addition polymer of tetraflouroethylene.It is bad conductor of heat.USESIt is use d as a material resistant to heat and chemical attack in household works.For coating articles and cookware to make them non-sticky as non stick utensilsFor making gaskets, pump packaging, valve, seals, non-lubricated bearings, etc.POLYESTERS-Fibers represent a very important application of polymeric materials, including many examples from the categories of plastics and elastomers.It involves ester linkagesTYPES OF POLYESTERS(FIBRES)-TERYLINE-It is a polymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Also known as Dacron.USES-For making cloth by mixing with cotton.For making magnetic recording tapes.NYLON66-Monomers are hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.USES-Used for making bristles of brushes.In textiles and also for making sheets. It is blended with woollen to make socks and sweaters.NYLON 6- its monomer is caprolactum made up of cyclohexane.USES-It is used in the manufacture of tyre ,cords, fabrics, and ropes.CONCLUSION-We have tried to give a brief learning on polymers .Polyme rs are everywhere around us and we tried to show a glimpse of polymers applications which are commonly used in our lives like plastics nylon and day to day used commodities.MATERIAL AND FIGURE REFRENCES-http//www.plastiquarian.com/top.htmhttp//www.csua.berkely.edu/ranga/school/me223/nylon.gifhttp//www.openlearn.open.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=2937http//www.britanica.com/EBchecked/topic/468696/polymerhttp//www.polymertalk.com/history_of_polymers.phphttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/siliconehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/branching_%28chemistry%29 http//www.polymertalk.com/classification_of_polymers.phphttp//docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cacheWbn5XOJDtwww.cmse.ed.ac.uk/MSE3/Topics/MSE3-polymers.pdf+intoduction+of+polymershl=engl=insig=AHIEtbQ22RNSIoIyoXUP9HtDd-nakz-whttp//www.cem.msu.edu/reusch/VirtualText/polymers.htm

Intelligent Agents Characteristics

gifted Agents CharacteristicsReport on Intelligent AgentsMethodologyThe research for this report was make using the various books from the library, Internet sites and computer magazines.IntroductionThe practises of tidy cistrons within the home and in businesses have increased dramatically over the years. Intelligent constituents ar a part of a program that carries out a task unsupervised and applies some degree of intelligence agency to the task.New and improved keen agents argon constantly being designed and produced to carry out numerous repetitive and predict competent tasks.One definition of an able agent, as described by states an intelligent agent perceives its milieu via sensors and acts rationally upon that environs with its effectors. Hence, an intelligent agent gets percepts ane at a time and maps this percept into actionsIn his book, Essentials of Management In painsation Systems, Kenneth Laudon describes an intelligent agent as being softw atomic number 18 programs that work in the background to carry out specific, repetitive and predictable tasks for an individual user business or softw be application.The design and production of an intelligent agent has to take into consideration numerous factors. This report takes a look at these considerations and factors and provides and insight into how intelligent agents argon influencing businesses and society as a whole.FindingsAgent CharacteristicsIntelligent agents have four main characteristicsAn agent is a computer softw be system whose characteristics argon situatedness, autonomy, adapitvity and sociability.Situatedness When an Agent receives some form of sensory input from its environment, it then performs some actions that change its environment in some way.AutonomyThis agent characteristic marrow that an agent is able to act without direct intervention from humans or other agents. This type of agent has almost complete control over it make actions and internal state.AdapitvityThis agent characteristic means that it is capable of reacting flexibly to changes within its environment. It is able to accept goal directed initiatives when charm and is also capable of learnedness from its own experiences, environment and interaction with others.SociabilityThis type of characteristic means that the agent is capable of interacting in a peer-to-peer manner with other agents or humans. number ConsiderationsOne of the most important aspects of intelligent agents is the design of the actual agent. The agent needs to be able to fulfil the tasks that are required from it, i.e. to achieve its goals. on that lay are four main aspects that need to be taken into consideration when designing an intelligent agent.Percepts This is the information that the agent receivesActionsThis is what the agent needs to do or croup do to achieve its objectives. closingsThis is the factor that the agent is trying to achieveEnvironmentThe final aspect is the environment in which the agent wil l be working in. The environment in which the agent performs is probably the most important aspect that needs to be considered as this affects the outcome of the percepts, actions and goals.Different Approaches to Agent buildFrom the agent characteristics and design considerations come four different approaches to intelligent agent design.Simple Reflex AgentsSimple reflexive agents are the most basic form of intelligent agent. They are simple minded, direct connections between percepts and actions.Reflex Agents with Internal StateReflex agents with internal state are similar to the Simple reflex agents except they remember the state of the environment as contained in earlier percepts.As the agents sensors do not provide a detailed account of the environment at each input, a perception of the environment is captured over a period of time that provided further information to the agent and enables it to provide better results.Goal Based AgentsFor a goal based agent, the agent must kn ow more than the current state of the environment, they must know the full requirements of the goal that they are required to perform.The goal based agent combines the information of the goal with realistic actions that will achieve that goal. This may cause the agent to take longer sequences of possible actions before deciding on the right course of action and whether the goal has been achieved.Goal Based agents also take the future into consideration.3.4 Utility Based AgentsUtility-based agents are the ultimate form of intelligent agent and are an extension of the goal-based agent.Utility agents consider degrees of utility and try to maximise their own potential. Utility functions allow the agent to identify conflicting or alternative goals and decisions.The likelihood of success and importance of the goal can also be likend and evaluated by the utility agent the agent would then execute appropriate action to ensure the best option was selected.Distinction between EnvironmentsAc cessible Vs In well-disposedThis environment is concerned with whether the agent is able to see the exact state of the environment. If the agents sensors are able to provide it with complete access to the state of the environment needed to choose an action, then the environment is accessible otherwise it is inaccessible.Deterministic Vs NondeterministicIn a deterministic environment, the use of the same actions will produce the same outcome every time the process or situation is repeated.But in a Nondeterministic environment the final outcome of the process or situation will be different every time.occasional Vs NonepisodicIn an episodic environment, subsequent episodes do not depend on the actions that occurred in previous episodes, agents in this type of environment dont need to plan ahead.Agents in Nonepisodic environments do tend to depend on previous actions that occurred in previous episodes and do tend to have to plan ahead.4.4 Static Vs DynamicA nonmoving environment is an environment that doesnt change and the time taken for an agent to process an action doesnt matter, as the environment will remain the same.A dynamic environment changes continuously and an intelligent agent has to be able to process actions quickly before the environment changes. Discrete Vs ContinuousIn a discrete environment the number of distinct percepts and actions that an agent will receive is limited to a set amount, but in a continuous environment the percepts and actions are unlimited.Intelligent agents that are in an accessible or deterministic environment do not need to deal with uncertainty.Inaccessible, Nondeterministic, Nonepisodic, Dynamic, and Continuous environments are the most challenging, as these are unpredictable environments, the other environments are more stable and less volatile.The use of Intelligent Agents in BusinessesThe use of intelligent agents has increased dramatically over the historic 5 year, though the majority of people wouldnt think twice abou t the process that they do that make their lives easier.During the1990s, A.D.Little, a commandment consultant, estimated that by the year 2000, 15 to 20 percent of all computer applications would contain intelligent agents. Though this figure has increased a substantial amount with the outgrowth of new technologies.The use of intelligent can agents can be seen in every industry sector within the UK and all over the world.The most common and astray utilize agents are found within two main areas. The first is within office type environments in which computers are used and the second is on the orbit Wide Web.In the first issue, computer software is the main reason for agents being used so widelyOperating systems use agents to add email and dial up networking account, do group management, add/remove programs and devices and monitor licences.Spreadsheet agents offer suggestions for improvement and can also tutor novice users.Software development agents assist in routine activities such as data filtering.The second and area and probably the largest is the Internet. The internet uses a variety of different types of agents to help the user find what they are looking for. They includeSearch engines improve your information retrieval on the InternetWeb mastering Agents these agents make it easy to manage a web siteWeb Agents These agents improve the users browsing experience.Monitoring Agents These agents monitor web sites or specific themes you are interested in.Shopbots These agents allow you to compare prices on Internet.Virtual Assistants these include virtual pets and desktop assistants.Intelligent agents can be seen in a wide variety of situations, the table in point 5.1 provides more examples of what agents are capable of.Though agents are making life easier, it is also reducing the amount of employees needed to do the job. An example of this would be a car-manufacturing factory. During the 1980s thousands of people were employed to make the vehicles but since the introduction of machinery that contains an intelligent agent to do the repetitive work, numerous people were made redundant and the positions in which 4 5 people did the job has been reduced to one or two men and the machine.An intelligent agent is something that perceives and acts in an environments.An ideal agent is one that always takes the action that is expected to maximise its performance.There are a variety of basic agent program designs. The designs vary in efficiency, compactness and flexibility. The appropriate design of the agent program depends on the percepts, actions, goals and environment. Some environments are more demanding than others.Reflex agents respond immediately to percepts, goal based agents act so that they can achieve their goals and utility-based agents try to maximise their own happiness.The use of intelligence agents has increased beyond the expectations of experts within the management and information technology fields. The use of intell igent agents are being seen in a wide cross section of businesses whether it be in machinery and equipment or within the software programs that they have in their computers and networks. The most widely used forms of intelligent agents are found on the Internet, they are mainly used within search engines.RecommendationsIntelligent agents are the basis of artificial intelligence there are considerable ongoing researches into the field, with many exciting possibilities.Agents are here to stay, not least because of their diversity, their wide range of applications and the broad spectrum of companies investing in them. As we move further and further into the information age, any information-based organisation which does not invest in agent technology may be committing commercialized hara-kiri. BibliographyStuart Russell and Peter Norvig 1995,Artificial intelligence A modern Approach, Prentice Hall www-cdr.Stanford.edu/nextlink/expert.html Accessed 13 October 2002Intelligent Agents on the internet fact, Fiction and Forecast, Oren Etzioni and Daniel S. Weld www.computer.org/intelligent/ex1995/x4044abs.htm Accessed sixteenth October 2002www.hermans.org/agents/index.html Accessed 16th October 2002Intelligent agents likely to cut jobs, alter offices, Kile Martzwww.bizjournals.com/kansascity/stories/1998/08/03focus5.html Accessed 16th October 2002http//www.agentland.com/http//sbm-connect.tees.ac.uk/ebuscon/Presentations%20(PPP%20%20PDF)%20Files/Chapter%2011%20Intelligent%20Systems%20in%20Business.pdf Accessed 13th October 2002Turban, McLean and Wetherbe, 1996, First Edition, instruction technology for managers Improving Quality and ProductivityLaudon K. Essentials of Management Information Systems, 2002, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall

The Usefulness Of Swot Analysis To Organisations Business Essay

The Usefulness Of Swot Analysis To Organisations Business EssayChange is a very signifi weedt word in cable. red-hot-made transaction is defined as the most competitive and active. To survive in the unsanded-made competitive line of merchandise environment, the cheeks take on to adopt their strategies to meet the changing demands and needs of the customers. study abstract is one the most signifi targett crinkle line strategies which tendings the organizations to judge their current situation both nationally and remotely and to implement a new dodge where necessary.More over, unexampled high technology, communication system and online shopping are highly influencing the customers and thus their demands and needs are becoming volatile. They have more choices, alternative products and run to get. Also, the changing life style of human beings is excessively another important reason why the patronage organizations need to modify their strategies. To balance these chan ges, both scientific and social, the managers should plan a wonk abstract and implement a new fear strategy.However, change in caper enables an organization to compete with its rivals and win the seam position. Business organizations, particularly fashion, clothing, perfumed, mobile companies, technological instruments consider change as the most vital part of business strategy. For manufacturing companies, change is important in the sense experience that it gives variety to the existing customers and satisfies their unexposed desires.However, to bring change in business environment, the prototypal thing is to identify the need of change, which will be followed by a particular plan for these changes. Various business tools, process, technology and performance meters are theatrical roled to incorporate these changes.There is no alternative for continuous improvement in business environment. To survive in a competitive business environment, continuous improvement is mandator y to meet the business objectives.So, elevate outline is very important for business organizations to implement a new business strategy in order to cope with the modern competitive business market and to meet business objectives.Modern Business Environment VolatileChange is one of the most significant and vital elements in business market. There are lots of reasons whey business market is changing and getting affected by it. The word change has now become the part of corporate business. Change management is a modern business philosophy which is adopted almost by every renowned business organization to meet the challenges of volatile business environment. The reasons of rapid change in business can be economic instability, inflation, changing life style, extensive use of modern technology, etc. Rapid rise and death of new companies also affect business environment.What is prink Analysis?An internationally recognized and extensive used business tool, raise analysis is a powerful t echnique to assess the current situation of a business organization and to predict the future business life. It is the unproblematic level for marketers to plan and focus on key issues. However, nerd is an abbreviated term for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors, while opportunities and threats are away.History of cram analysisAlbert Humphrey rebeled the SWOT analysis technique. Team Action place was the research project that Humphrey led a Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s from where the term was derived. He collected the data for this research from many top companies. However, SWOT analysis is an extended form of TAM, which helps to manage change in business organization. Moreover, since 1960s organizations have been using SWOT analysis as a business concept. It has been also used in management structure and corporate marketing. Indeed, with the passage of time the concepts of SWOT have been modified to sui t the needs of business setting. moment of SWOT analysisSWOT analysis is one of the most significant business tools, which aims to assess the current situation of an organization in order to develop business strategies to encounter competition. It is a key element of strategic development. It helps a company to predict its future prospects and the financial environment. Again, it helps an organization to develop its critical and particularised terminations to plan strategic objectives. It helps organizations to predict future difficulties or problems. Notably, SWOT analysis can also be used in human life. It helps individuals to get an exacting view of personality or career. In fact, SWOT analysis is a magnificent tool for appraisal both in business and individual life. away from these, there are numbers of other reasons whey an organization uses SWOT analysis. It can be used as a tool of problem solving, decision making, planning, brainstorm meetings, workshop sessions, product evaluation and also personal development planning.Discussion and Analysis SWOTA tool for auditing an organization and its environment, SWOT analysis is the primary stage of planning which helps marketers to focus on key issues of business strategies. However, SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors.SWOT ANALYSIS essential FACTORSStrengthsStrengths are the first elements of SWOT analysis which assesses the positive tangible and intangible attributes of an organization internally. These attributes are controllable and within the organizations. These strengths of a person or a company help to achieve the objectives. Strengths can also be defined as the elements which enable an organization to do well, comparing to the competitors. It focuses on the advantages of the organization over the business.For example, the strengths of an organization can be good quality of the products, brand image, attention of electronic media, customer loyalty, best location, strong communication, etc.WeaknessesWeaknesses include the elements which are prejudicious and stand in the way of achieving the business objectives. These are the internal factors within an organizations control that prevent to gain the desired objectives. It helps the organizations to identify the specific areas where improvements are necessary.The weaknesses of an organization, for instance, can be poor quality standards, broken reputation, past loss project, rejected by customers, old fashioned products, poor communication system, negligence of media, etc.SWOT ANALYSIS EXERNAL FACTORSOpportunitiesOpportunities are the external factors over which the organization does have control. But, these factors affect the companys profitability and business processes both directly and indirectly. These are the factors why an organization exists and develops. These factors help an organization to fore see the future possibilities and opportunities that the organization may encounter. They help the organization to plan and identify the time line to achieve the objectives. Indeed, opportunities are the objectives of organization in a broad sense.For example, the opportunities of an organization can be a new business market, extending business overseas or to other outlets, launching a new product, adding new value (such as, online marketing), moving to ball-shaped market, etc.ThreatsThreats are the external factors which cause dangers and risks for an organization to achieve the goals and objectives. As external factors, organizations do not have control over them, but are highly affected by them. These factors help an organization to have safeguard from risks and dangers. These factors also guide the organization to make on the right road.Threats of an organization, for example, can beRising popularity of the competitors in local or global market changing habits of customersPrici ng competition with competitorsArrival of new alternative product in the marketNew taxation policyDifference between external and internal factors of SWOTThe difference between external factors and internal factors of SWOT analysis is very obvious. The basic difference between the two is that internal factors are controllable, while external factors cannot be controlled by the organization. Usually, the external factors (strengths and weaknesses) of an organization are mainly based on organization itself, corporate market or customer needs and demands. The strength of an organization can be defined as the way of meeting customer needs and satisfaction, while weaknesses are the problems or shortcomings that the company faces to fulfill the market or customer demands. However, the internal factors of an organization usually affect the following factors, such as sale and profitability, product quality and brand image, product cost and customer needs, employee potentiality and the finan cial ability of management, etc.On the other hand, the external factors of an organization are the issues that affect not only organization but the total business system. The parking area issues that affect the company externally can be business segments, customer motivations and unmet needs, business strategies, overall business structures, environmental issues (such as governmental, technological, economic, cultural, demographic, etc.), etc.How to implement SWOT Analysis?Though appeared as a simple and easy business tool, SWOT analysis is very powerful and meaningful technique. To implement SWOT analysis, the first thing an organization needs to have is time and adequate information and resources. It is not possible to implement a SWOT analysis in an organization by one person, because it requires team work and efforts. The positive traits of this technique are that it is quick, flexible and comprehensive managing tool, which make the process easy to implement.However, the proces s of SWOT analysis follows a sequential order. Obviously, there are four steps to follow in this analysis. Whether analyzing a product or a service, the SWOT analysis is through with(p) in the same way.First timber Collection of informationIn this stage, an organization collects all the information regarding the first two internal factors, strengths and weaknesses. However, this information allurement can be done through a number of unalike ways. One-to-one interview or a group discussion can be carried to gather information. There will be number of different views, questions and issues that related to these elements.Second Step Listing possible Opportunities and ThreatsHere, the organization can make a list of all the opportunities that it may encounter in the future. It can make another list of all the future possible threats within the organization.Third Step Planning actionIn this stage, the plan of action will carried out to meet these opportunities and to secure the compan y from the threats. In this stage, the organization makes sure that they can honour the strengths, change or stop the weaknesses, prioritize opportunies and minimize threats.Again, there are other ways to implement SWOT analysis. The following chart shows another different technique of SWOT analysis.SWOT Analysis FrameworkEnvironmental Scan/Internal AnalysisExternal Analysis/ / StrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsSWOT MatrixAccording to the SWOT matrix formula, there must be a balance between these elements. The formula follows the following chartSWOT / TOWS MatrixStrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesS-O strategiesW-O strategiesThreatsS-T strategiesW-T strategiesS-O strategies strengthening positive traits or opportunitiesW-O strategies stopping or conquering weaknesses to meet opportunities.S-T strategies strengthening ways to win external threatsW-T strategies having a strong plan to avoid weaknesses and threatsCASE STUDY SWOT ANALYSIS OF TESCOThere are numbers of organizations whi ch are using SWOT analysis almost every day in this modern business environment. This analysis can be carried on a small area of the organization or on overall company. TESCO is one of the major global business installations which can be analyzed by applying SWOT analysis as a whole.Strengths in TescoThe first strength of Tesco can be found in their popularity and business achievement of World Retail Award. Again, the constant increase of overall sales is another significant strength of Tesco. Likewise, Tesco has another strength in their reserve bills for business expansion and meeting economic crisis.Weaknesses in TescoThe primary weakness of Tesco can be found in their bad debt, house insurance claims and assign card arrears. Being a price leader in the market, Tesco is losing profit. Again, Tesco business and its profitability is mainly based on the UK market.Opportunities in TescoBeing the 3rd largest global trader, Tesco has strong buying power. Tesco is a global business or ganization which has number of different products and services. It is still extending to the global market and gaiting global trust. Extensive use of modern technology is enabling Tesco to meet the modern challenge of marketing. Constant increase of Tesco mobile customers can also be considered as a business opportunity.Threats in TescoEconomic inflation is one of the major business threats that Tesco had encounter in the recent past. The rising cost of food and non-food raw materials is another threat for Tesco. Changing buying habits of customers also affect Tescos business strategies and thus it requires reassessment of the current market. Competition with rivals, particularly with Wal-Mart which can takeover Tesco business position anytime is another renowned threat that Tesco is encountering nowadays.CONCLUSIONTo sum up, SWOT analysis is one of the powerful business tools which can be used in almost every business situation and also in individual affairs. It helps organization s to assess their current position and to plan their future plans. It is decision making tool that provides the framework for an organization to picture business strategy, mark its position and direct its objectives. Though very simple, SWOT analysis requires close attention and experienced application.In the modern changing business market, SWOT analysis has been proved to be a very important tool to the marketers. SWOT analysis is often said to be paralleled and alternative to the PESTEL analysis. Often, organizations use both these business tools together to plan their strategies.Once again, the SWOT analysis helps organizations to get an overall picture of the company and the starting point of strategic planning. It is the primary tool of business analysis.To conclude, experienced marketers when utilizing SWOT analysis make sure that the company is based on its strengths and opportunities, able to stop and correct its weakness, and can nurse itself from external threats. They consider the business environment extremely unpredictable and thus use this tool that may help organizations to predict their future through this process.

Humorous Wedding Speech by a Friend of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts Roa

Humorous Wedding Speech by a Friend of the coiffureGood afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. I would first like to thank you on the whole for coming today and helping to make Marcus and Adrians wedding such a memorable and specific occasion. Personally, I wish youd all stayed at home and made my job less nerve wracking. When I was asked to be in the wedding party I decided that I needed to know what the role entailed. I have now read several books, and all of them include a last slender checklist to guarantee a smooth wedding. So, to give you a feel for the pressure Ive been under, here are some of the things Ive had to remember from my checklist 1) See that all ex-girlfriends are kept at bay. Now then, Marcus discovered girls a lot earlier than I did, because while I was worrying about English exams, he was copying my work, leaving him free to pursue girls to his hearts content. Put it this way - hed discovered bike sheds before I even knew what bikes were. But, there is no chance o f beholding any of his exs tonight because I understand that they are all out celebrating, which has denied us some quality entertainment as a result. 2) Bring a credit card for the payments that the groom may have forgotten. So far, Marcus owes me 650 ($400) - which reminds me, this wedding nearly didnt go ahead The hotel manager was getting concerned as he hadnt received the deposit. Thankfully, Marcus assured him that he... ...reach the bride and grooms home. So, if you would like to place all of the gifts that you have brought with you, (particularly the valuable ones), in the back of the green letting van, registration S653 GFR, I will personally ensure that they receive them. I promise. So thats what my role entailed. Of course, I also have the honour of proposing a toast to the bride and groom. But, before I do that, let me first say, Marcus, youve been an excellent friend to be since I met you twelve years ago and Adrian, you look sensational today and getting to know yo u has been a real pleasure. Ladies and gentlemen, please could you now raise your glasses in a toast to the bride and groom. To Adrian and Marcus.

Eichmann, the Banality of Evil, and Thinking in Arendts Thought Essay

Eichmann, the Banality of Evil, and Thinking in Arendts Thought* ABSTRACT I analyze the ways in which the faculty of thinking can avoid evil action, taking into account Hannah Arendts discussion regarding the banality of evil and thoughtlessness in connection with the Eichmann trial. I counseling on the following question posed by Arendt Could the activity of thinking as such, the habit of examining and reflecting upon whatever happens to come to pass, regardless of specific content and quite independent of results, could this activity be of such a nature that it conditions men against evildoing? Examples of the connection mingled with evildoing and thinking include the distinction between the commonplace and the banal, and the absence of the depth characteristic of banality and the necessity of thinking as the means for depth. I then focus upon Arendts model thinker (Socrates) and make do that the faculty of thinking works to avoid evildoing by utilizing the Socratic principle o f noncontradiction. What is the subject of our thought? Experience Nothing else (1) (Hannah Arendt)Eichmann in capital of Israel (2) was originated when Hannah Arendt went to Jerusalem in order to report, for The New Yorker, on the trial of Otto Adolf Eichmann, (3) who was acused of crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The trial began in April 15, 1961. The New York Times had announced Eichmanns capture by Israeli agents in Argentina, in May 24, 1960. Israel and Argentina had discussed Eichmanns extradition to Israel, and the United Nations finally decided the legality of Jerusalem Trial. After the confirmation that Eichamnn was to be judged in Israel, Arendt asked The New Yorkers director, William Shamn, to ... ...(29) ib.(30) Ibid.(31) See, in this regard, TMC, p. 425.(32) TMC, p. 423.(33) LM p. 168. (34) LM., p. 180.(35) (Protagoras, 339c.) LM p.186.(36) The first part of the Morality Lectures 1995, given by Arendt at New work, was publish ed as Some Questions of Moral Philosophy. In Social Research, Vol. 61, No. 4 (Winter 1994), pp. 739-64. The other three parts remain unpublished as Some Questions of Moral Philosophy. Morality Lectures 1965, New School for Social Research, Hannah Arendts Papers, The Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, container 45. We will take the following systematic Some Questions of Moral Philosophy I for the part published and Some Questions of Moral Philosophy II for the unpublished one. This quotation is in Some Questions of Moral Philosophy II 024633.(37) Ibid., 024636.(38) LM., p. 193.

Comparing A Cage of butterflies to Mission to mars Essays -- essays re

Science fiction produces a "what if" element that asks a question and prophesises the future. There are many texts, which presents the reader or knockout with a particular way of scientific discipline fiction. The two texts, "A cage of butterflies" by Brain Caswell and "Mission to Mars" by Brian de Palmer, both of which conform to science fiction. The technology used in "A cage of butterflies" is of extremely high standard and produces a theme that prophesises about experimentation and mutations occurring on humans. The theme in "Mission to Mars" is about discovery, communication and reaching out to other life forms.In "A cage of butterflies", the research laboratory in NSW is covertly set, as what they are doing is illegal. The extremely tight security of the laboratory gives the reader a feeling that the research lab is like a prison or a zoo. This impression is also supported by the place where the babies are kept under tight surv eillance and the way that they are being monitored finished a glass window. The environment the think tanks occupy is more like a home than a lab, because they arent aware of what is happening, so they refer to the place as the "Farm".The characters in "A cage of butterflies" are intelligent heroes. The "think tank" are a bunch of kids with an I.Q. well above 150. Mikki and Greg are the main(prenominal) characters, both born with natural leadership and who love each other. The babi...

Bartleby The Scrivener :: essays research papers

Most everyone remembers a favorite story that he or she has read. A book that just captivated the reader from beginning to end. exclusively how do authors successfully grab the attention of their readers? Authors utilize specific techniques to convey the characters, setting, and plot effectively. The two short stories Bartleby, the Scrivener by Herman Melville and The Tenant by Bharati Mukherjee do just that. The authors of both stories effectively develop unique characters through description or narration, action, and dialogue, which fit in with both the setting and the plot. The main character in Bartleby, the Scrivener is indeed an interesting one. Although the name of the story may give the impression that the main character is Bartleby, it is in fact the cashier whom we learn the most(prenominal) about. The narrator is described as a very orderly person. His actions and speech demonstrate his fastidious ways. The narrator even shows the reader right from the beginning that h e prefers to go about in an orderly fashion, by the fact that he absolutely must give background about his life and work, before he can begin to tell us about his employee. "Ere introducing the scrivenerif is fit I make some mention of my self, my employés, my business, my chambers, and general surroundings" (Meyer, 113). The narrators setting, including his office, also shows that he likes to keep everything organized. His office is separated into sections by folding glass doors to distinguish his side of the room from his scriveners. The narrator also separates Bartleby into confinement. " lull further to a satisfactory arrangement, I procured a high green folding screen, which might entirely isolate Bartleby from my sight, though not remove him from my express" (118). The reader can see that the narrator likes to have a set way of doing tasks through his actions and interactions with the other characters. The narrator is obviously not one whose demands be often ignored. He does not quite seem to know how to react when Bartleby "prefers" not to comply with the narrators wishes. "I staggered to my desk, and sat there in a deep study Was there any other thing in which I could procure myself to be ignominiously repulsed by this lean, penniless brute? my hired clerk?" (122). Another one of the narrators qualities is being pompous. He seems to have an overblown image of himself and puts himself above others.