Necklace by Guy de Maupassant Essay

The â€Å"Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, is a story about a beautiful girl, named Mathilde Loisel who was born into an unfavorable family. She then got married, Monsieur Loisel who is a common clerk, who can only provide her with little things. Unhappy with her circumstances, Mme Loisel always felt beneath herself. So to become the person she wanted to be she borrowed a friends necklace for a party, she lost it, and then had to do everything she could to pay off the debt made from the replacement necklace. Maupassant shows that she had gotten exactly what she deserves for her vanity and pride. She not only was punished, but her husband’s life was also affected. Since Mme Loisel had believed that because of her beauty she deserved to be of higher class that what she was in. She claims she had â€Å"suffered endlessly† because she felt as though she was entitled to â€Å"delicacy and luxury†. Maupassant is showing his reader how conceited Mme Loisel was being. Instead of being happy that she live in comfort, Mme Loisel dreamed of more. She dreamed of â€Å" delicate meals† and â€Å"marvelous dishes† things that she believed she deserved just because of her beauty. Trying to make his wife happy Monsieur Loisel came home with an invitation to a party. Instead of being happy â€Å"she flung the invitation† and â€Å"was beginning to cry. The was another example, given by Maupassant, showing Mme Loisel’s vanity, and how much she hated that fact that she couldn’t afford dresses to match her beauty. Her husband, however still tries to please her by giving her money to buy a beautiful dress. However this was still not enough because she now needed jewelry to match. Thus showing more of how she thought highly of herself just because of beauty and wanted more to mach it. She borrowed her friends necklace, and unfortunately lost it on the way home. She bought a replacement and it caused her and her husband to be in debt. She began to do â€Å"the heavy work of the house†and ten years went by and she began to look old and became like all other poor women. Maupassant showed his readers Mme Loisel’s karma for her wanting so much of what she cannot have. Then what made matters worse, she found out that the necklace she borrowed was fake and was worth a lot less than the replacement. This was Maupassant’s way to punish the conceited girl. Now she is no longer the beautiful girl she once was and she now lives in poverty. This was the best way to punish Mme Loisel. Unfortunately her husband suffered too. Her husband also was punished, mainly because instead of telling his wife she should just tell her friend what happened, he told her to buy time by saying they’re getting it fixed. His punishment was using the money left from his father, and â€Å"risked his signature† by borrowing money from different people. He now had to let go of their servant, changed their flat, because now they had work to pay off the debt, and in the process they fell into more debt. The husband had to work even harder than before having to pay off the many debts. He even had to work evenings and nights. Maupassant gave his reader the right punishment for Mme Loisel. She now was old, lost her beauty and became even more poor. This was a just punishment because she should have been appreciative of what she had. Even though she wan’t rich she at least lived comfortably. She now lost her beauty trying to be someone she wasn’t and now she lives with even less luxury than before. Maupassant wanted to show his reader that you must be grateful for what you have, and don’t look for things that is not of you nature. Mme Loisel didn’t live luxury so she shouldn’t have looked for luxury.

Pay It Forward Paper

You are thinking that this class Is going to be a waste of time, I know this because I was an DEED-100 student last semester. I also thought that it was a waste of time but the class has actually showed me some great habits for studying and managing time that I will use for the rest of my life. I am an eighteen year old who works at Innards and also has to find time with my friends and family, as well as playing acquitted for the USB team.I thought it would be difficult and a lot f pressure but with DEED-100 1 learned how to manage my time better so I could do great in college, have a job, and do hobbies in the meantime. I came Into college with a high school mentality. I soon figured out a week later that I cannot be In high school any more I have to treat this like it is college, Like It was my future. In high school I went to bed late and would wake up, go to school, and do my homework while my teacher Instructed during class.In college I cannot do that anymore, I have to do my ho mework before class and turn It In right at the beginning of class with most of my professors. I also can no longer study the night before or not study at all. The material is a lot more difficult to where I have to actually study in order to achieve. My mentality had changed when I was introduced to DEED-100. Not only does it teach you better time management but it also helps you with how you are going to take on studying for exams and taking notes in class. Ye noticed that taking notes in college is a lot more complex and different than taking notes in high school. In high school you write down everything the teacher rights down whether you understand it or not. In college the professor throws you bone, (key terms you must know!! ) and It Is your responsibility to write It down, study It, and know It the day of the exam. Managing homework and studying along with a Job and other priorities can be tough but I came up with a system to manage it effectively.My job does a great job at going around my schedule but sometimes it can still be hard. I just look at my work schedule for every week and I write what times I'm going to study before and after work. Then I write down what times I will spend with my friends and family along with doing hobbies such as Judith. This way my time schedule is nice and organized and I don't have to worry whether or not I have enough time. It is following your schedule that is the hardest part I really had to commit to it. Time is money so you might as well manage your time better so you can save more money.This semester I had made a goal for myself, as a new college student I wanted to have at least a B average for my class grades. I knew that It would be a hard task coming In as a freshman barely knowing anything about college and how It was going to be. But now that the snow Is falling and winter break Is coming up and my first master is coming to a completion and I feel pretty confident about that B average habits to the DEED-100 class and its instructor as well as my success as a college student thus far.She was very helpful in all of my learning. Not only my professors are helpful though, there are other resources that have been quite useful for my success so far too. Whenever I am not too sure about a W-130 paper I can always count on the writing lab here on campus to help me out with my grammar and punctuation errors. Or when I am about to have a math exam and I am not too sure on how to graph a polynomial, or factor a quadratic equation, the math lab here on amp's is open almost every day of the week.These resources have guided me to success all semester. If you give DEED-100 a chance like I did you will soon find out that it can aid you in your success as a college student. Not only will you learn to have effective study and note taking skills but your college life will be a lot less stressful and difficult with your time management skills. If taken on correctly DEED-100 will drive you to success. Sin cerely.

A Biography Of Booker T Washington History Essay

A Biography Of Booker T Washington History Essay Birth, Parents and Family Life The well known clichà ©, bad beginnings have good endings, resonates in one’s mind when this name is mentioned. Booker T. Washington’s life, undoubtedly encapsulate this well-known phrase as throughout his life evidence proves how he grew and became very successful. Booker Taliaferro Washington’s life began on April 5th, 1856 where he was born into slavery on the Burroughs Plantation in the rural, Hale’s Ford, Virginia. He had three siblings, one of whom was adopted. His mother Jane was an enslaved African American woman who worked as a cook on the plantation. His father was a white man, whom he knew very little about. His mother later married another slave, Washington Ferguson, who left to for West Virginia. Early Life Washington’s early life was that of a slave where he lived in a small cabin and slept on a dirt floor with only a â€Å"pallet† that was put on the ground for his comfort. Survival was a strugg le as his mother Jane from time to time would take a chicken or an egg from her masters and cook them during the night just to feed her children. From an early age, Booker knew what labour entailed and began working quite young. One of his duties was to carry sacks of corn to the mill on the back of a horse. Sometimes when a sack fell on the ground he had to wait for hours for someone to come and replace it on the horse’s back. Washington’s discomfort of his living arrangement and hard labour as a child was mingled with the discomfort of his clothes and shoes. Until his shirt was worn for six weeks, Washington had to bear the pain from his flax material shirt which pricked his skin. The discomfort was so great that once his brother offered to wear his shirt until it got a bit softer. His shoes also were uncomfortable as his first pair of shoes had wood as its sole and coarse leather tops. Education Although he went to school while he was a slave, Booker T. Washingtonâ €™s education only began when his family was freed of slavery. In Washington’s time, it was illegal for slaves to go to school and be educated. However, Washington went to school with James Burrough’s daughter in Franklin County, not as a student but to carry her books. It was only when the Emancipation Proclamation in April, 1865, Washington now nine, was read to the jubilant slaves that Booker was able to spread his wings a bit. Washington, his siblings and mother soon left the plantation with a wagon that his stepfather sent for them to join with him in Malden, West Virginia. Because of the state of poverty that the family was faced with, Washington could not have had a normal schooling experience. Instead, at the tender age of nine, Washington was thrust into the world of work. His stepfather, who worked in the salt mines, found work for him and his brother at a salt mine that began at four in the morning and ended at nine. Sometimes they even worked at coal mi nes. One Mr. William Davis opened a school for coloured children. Booker’s parents allowed him to go but on the condition that he maintain his job. As Booker worked in the morning period, he was now able to attend school later in the day but returned to the mine after school.

EMC Certification for Portable Laptop Research Paper

EMC Certification for Portable Laptop - Research Paper Example Photos of the portable laptop (commonly also known as EUT = Equipment under test, for EMC testing requirements) is as shown below. The equipment conforms to the requirement of CISPR 16-1, CISPR 16-4-2, ANSI C63.2 and other required standards. Calibration of all test and measurement, including any accessories that may effect such calibration, is checked frequently to ensure the accuracy. Adjustments are made and correction factors are applied in accordance with the instructions contained in the respective manual based on lab accreditations such as FCC (602285)-USA, VCCI (Japan) and ISO/IEC (170025)-CNAS agencies (Refer to Lab Accreditations Table at end of report). There were no special accessories used during these test and there is no EUT modification or test standard deviation. Prior to taking the formal emissions data collected in this report many hours of pre-testing have been performed. The selection of the worst case system documented in this report was based upon this pre-testing. The portable laptop system (EUT) was set up as per the test configuration to simulate typical usage per the user's manual. When the EUT is a tabletop system, a wooden table with a height of 0.8 metres is used and is placed on the ground plane as per EN 55022. Associated equipment, if needed, was placed as per EN 55022. ... 4.2 Radiated Emissions 5. Electromagnetic Emissions Test 5.1 Line Conducted Emissions Test - Measurement Procedures Utilized for Conducted Emissions The portable laptop system (EUT) was set up as per the test configuration to simulate typical usage per the user's manual. When the EUT is a tabletop system, a wooden table with a height of 0.8 metres is used and is placed on the ground plane as per EN 55022. Associated equipment, if needed, was placed as per EN 55022. All I/O cables were positioned to simulate typical actual usage as per EN 55022. The test equipment EUT installed received AC power through a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN), which supplied power source and was grounded to the ground plane. All associated equipment received power from a second LISN. For conducted emission test on telecommunication ports, a telecommunication port is connected by its signal cable to an impedance stabilization network (ISN). During the testing, the LAN utilization is in excess of 10 % and sustain that level for a minimum of 250 ms. The traffic rate is monitored by the program of NetSpeed. The EUT test program was started. Emissions were measured on each current carrying line of the EUT using an EMI Test Receiver connected to the LISN powering the EUT. The Receiver scanned from 150K Hz to 30MHz for emissions in each of the test modes. During the above scans under battery charging mode, the emissions were maximized by cable manipulation. The EUT configuration and cable configuration of the above highest emission level were recorded for reference of the final test. - Conducted Emissions Test Data The following data was collected with a spectrum analyzer in peak detection mode, unless otherwise noted. Temperature 17C; Rel. Humidity

The Effect of the Ozone Layer on the Greenhouse Effect Research Paper

The Effect of the Ozone Layer on the Greenhouse Effect - Research Paper Example This augmentation in the temperature of the planet is called Global Warming. Normal greenhouse gases allow only sunlight and impede other hazardous radiations from reaching the Earth’s surface. An increase in temperature is due to emancipation of various gases called as green house gases which encompass smokestacks, vehicles, fossil fuels, appending to the standard Earth’s greenhouse effect. Researchers have estimated that if this rise in temperature will continue it is going to have devastating impact on climate patterns resulting in drifts, melting of glaciers and elevation in the sea level (Climate changes). Molina and Rowland in 1974, were the first to warn about the chemical activity being displayed by the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) towards destruction of stratospheric ozone layer, a protective shield that prevents all the living beings on the planet from harmful radiation. CFCs have long lifetime in the atmosphere; moreover, CFCs get chemically decomposed in stratosphere as well as they catalyze the depletion of ozone. This is a matter of utmost concern and a call for policymakers and public to act on. Consequently, 24 nations together with European Community signed Montreal Protocol, today 196 governments are part of it and are in compliance with the strict controls. 98 percent of ozone depleting chemicals has been phased out worldwide. Accordingly, ozone layer is witnessing a phase of recovery which is likely to be accomplished by 2065. Without, this rigorous step, CFCs and other ozone depleting substances (ODSs) would have destroyed two-thirds of the ozone layer by 2065, millions of cancer cases would have been introduced and potentially half of the global agriculture would have been lost. It is documented that most of the ODSs are also greenhouse gases (GHGs) responsible for keeping the earth warm. Estimations

How is Marxism relevent to today's economy Essay

How is Marxism relevent to today's economy - Essay Example It is this 'owner' / 'worker' distinction that leads to alienation as the defining feature of the workers relationship to what she produces, and to 'legitimation' as the defining apparatus of the 'owner' for purposes of maintaining power. However, Marx views history as heading inevitably toward an actual conflict between the classes. He maintains in Capital, that capitalism is structurally defined in such a way that it will implode on itself – it is structurally determined to self-destruct. At this point in Marx's theory, he goes from a 'descriptive' approach to economics to a 'prescriptive' one. It will be argued that the value of Marx in a contemporary context is his descriptive rather than his prescriptive side. His prescriptive solution which is communism, challenges some of the most basic assumptions about equality and human rights. Toward a critique of this 'prescriptive' side of Marx, this analysis will close with some of the key criticisms of Marx leveled by the econom ist, and philosopher of history and science, Karl Popper from his work titled: The Open Society and its Enemies. Thus, while the descriptive side of Marx allows us to understand the nature of 'profit' and its role in creating and perpetuating exploitive relations, his prescription or solution to this situation will be presented as fundamentally limited. Marx's descriptive history of economics remains useful while his vision for what ought to replace the 'owner/worker' status quo will be challenged in this analysis. Without question, the developed or G7 nations are moving toward more open markets or ‘freer trade’. In Europe, both the common currency and the EEC are an example of this movement, and in North America, this is exemplified both in the North American Free Trade Agreement, but also the more recent push toward establishing the Multi-lateral Agreement on Investment [Moody 117ff.]. In general, the acceptance and legitimation of these policies, is premised on the i dea that less ‘regulation’ and less government involvement with the movement and investment of capital, will stimulate the economy and in turn, create more employment. It is argued that since the mid to late 1970’s, there has been a decline in the acceptance of Keynesian economics, a theory which maintains that the government should put money directly into the hands of individuals as a means of stimulating growth. By contrast, it is now ‘accepted’ practice that government intervention is an inadequate means of stimulating this forth of economic growth, and the following will explore, both the nature of the notion of free trade for the purposes of job growth, but more importantly, focus on the ‘type’ of jobs which are being created. It will be argued that as with any form of market economy, the relationship surrounding the means of production is the determining factor with respect to the ‘control’ of capital, and in turn, fre e trade merely entails a greater polarization between those on either side of this relationship surrounding the means of production. It is the relationship surrounding the means of production that makes Marx's Capital still relevant. One of the motivating factors for ‘free trade’, and especially in the context of North America, is the aim of improving the cost efficiency of both production and distribution. This is especially true in the area of manufacturing, and is documented by some scholars, the move to free trade is similarly and

To what degree is Evolutionary Psychology successful in providing Essay

To what degree is Evolutionary Psychology successful in providing reductive explanations of human behaviour - Essay Example Jealous rages, for instance can easily be justified as a means to protect reproductive access and ensure that your own resources only go to your own offspring; protecting your own investment. (Buss, 2000), (Downes, 2001) Many anti-social behaviors can be justified in the interest of mere individial prosperity in a world of nature 'red in tooth and claw' as it were. Base survival for one organism is not sufficient for long-term evolutionary success. Those that most influence future generations genetically would then exhibit behavioral mechanisms that encourage efficient transmission of their genes, and maximize survival of offspring; which often means, in a context of limited resources hostility against one's own kind.Extremes of this behavior can be found in species ranging from polar bears to mice, where death of newborns at the hands of competing males is instinctual, so that one's own offspring have priority access to the resources of survival. (Derocher, et al. 1999) But in contr ast, any discussion of evolutionary psychology and its reductionary behavioral 2 implications would of course be incomplete without a discussion concerning altruism. Altruistic behaviors can find many justifications for communal species, including herd/flock animals and social insects. Assisting in the survival of the group will help one's fellows to survive; should that trait become established in the population it will foster a social structure that permits the survival of more members. Should multiple instances of a social-altruist trait become extant in the population, each instance should create a compounded likelihood of preserving itself. But that is the difficulty; getting multiple instances of that trait at the same time. In the long-run, the premise of advantage via co-survival appears supportable. But one must ask the question, if a wildebeast evolves with a strong instinct to protect others of its herd, that trait might not become extant in the population because such an organism would logically protect other members regardless of whether they share his altrusitic feelings; thereby a gene that triggers that behavior could also be beneficial to organisms which lack that gene. Which would seem to work against its own self-perpetuation. In large populations that lack altruism that outcome seems much more probable, that the lonely, good-samaritan organism must help his uncaring fellows, while at the same time still competing with them for food and mates. It may benefit the herd, but will be a detriment to that individual. It is easy then, to understand herd-animals that do not necessarily respond with any altrusitic tendencies that would put themselves at risk. Yes, swimming in a school makes it more difficult for a shark to focus on a single fish; but no member of that school will put itself at risk to try and coax a fellow out of a hazard, or confront a predator. When the lion approaches, all gazelles will run, although, if they were each to attack i n mass, it is probable they could kill a single lion; yet there would be no individual advantage for the gazelle that first manifests genes encouraging that trait. He would most likely become the one that was eaten before he could reproductively spread his valor to the rest of the population. What is needed then, in that case is a

Gun Control Unit 2 Part 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun Control Unit 2 Part 1 - Research Paper Example He pointed out that some resistance was expected form weapons, ammunition and arms industries, stating that it would be seen as an attack on them. Although only as few as four senators had agreed to support Chaffee in his quest to table the bill, he remained confident of winning more support. He was wary of refusal to hand over the guns immediately, but confident $5000 penalty thereon would compel criminals to gradually accept the ban. He was categorical on exceptional possession of the guns by police among other licensed holders. In attendance was Dr Burton Lee, the President Bush’s personal physician who was in agreement of Chaffee’s argument (Mulligan, 1992). The controlling idea in the author’s article is the legal platform being sought to bring in measures t control possession of guns by the public. It is clear that that his thesis is centered on the bill and the popularity it is likely to gain from supporters. From the reporters’ view on the bill that Senator Chaffee prepared for passage into law, some key support is lacking, such that the retired Supreme Court Chief Justice declaration for support of the bill gets such publicity. Apart from a few senators in support of the provisions of the bill, it is apparent that there is a considerable level of resentment from key quarters of arms possession stakeholders. Apart from the politics that goes with legislation, public safety enhancement lies squarely in the sealing of risky loopholes in the security policies made by the government. It might be argued that public opinion is the key to determination of policy and legislation, and so does the support of key bills, but a critical surgery of the underlying issues must be used to make the final verdict. How serious is possession of guns by the public? What popular alternative solutions could be offered in place of hand gun bans? Who could take a better

Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Questions - Essay Example The government can address this by penalizing through the imposition of high taxes those companies who are subcontracting or exporting jobs abroad. This will in effect discourage companies to export jobs because it will become expensive to subcontract jobs. This arrangement is still possible because the government did not prohibit companies to relocate work but only formulated a strategy that does not give business incentive to export jobs. 2. Explain the importance of East Asia as an economic powerhouse. Is economic or political power shifting from North America (and specifically the United States) toward East Asia? Explain. Which historical and economic reasons might prevent East Asia from acting as a unified region in world politics? In economics, US economy is about eight times bigger than China and has also massive industrial and technological complex that can sustain the output and growth of its economy.   Its currency is still used as the worlds  reserve currency and it is not likely that the US dollar will be replaced by other currency soon (Business Monitor International, 2009 pg. 23).  China on the other hand lacks multinational corporations and does not  even  have its own industrial complex making its economy heavily dependent on Western enterprise Also, the huge  size of US economy enables it to allocate a military budget equaled by none.   It only allocates 4% of its total GDP on defense but due to the sheer size of its economy, this translates to a $600 billion military budget (Jinghao, 2008).   US has also the most advance weaponry in the world.   US military arsenal is already capable of stealth combat with its F22 fighters and B52 long range bombers.   To date, US has already completed the informationalization of its military that is leading to the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"no man†, networking orientation which is a powerful global combat strength (Pastor, 2001).   United States is also capable of projecting power beyond its border.   Its 12

Marketing and Strategy Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing and Strategy Theory - Essay Example The introduction section examines the fact that the rate of failure for the introduction of new products in retail grocery industry falls within the 70 to 80 per cent range. It then develops a theoretical model explaining why this happens. The theoretical model then culminates in a set of hypotheses that are further investigated by the paper. The conclusion part of the paper summarises the main issues brought out by the paper and gives inferences where appropriate. It then confirms that indeed the rate of failure for the introduction of new products in retail grocery industry falls is very high. The rate of failure for the introduction of new products in retail grocery industry is very high; it falls within the 70 to 80 per cent range. Linton Matysiak and Wilkes is a product development and market research firm specializing in perishable foods. The firm carried out a review of 1935 new products introductions by top food companies in the United States (Linton, Matysiak and Wilkes, 1997). This review was aimed at determining national introductions, regional breakdowns, line extension mortality, new item mortality and the overall product mortality. It also ventured into determining the ratio of line extensions to new items. The firm examined a number of issues such as the number of product line extensions, the number of innovative and new items and the locations where new products were introduced. On the other hand, the review found that the Top 20 grocery retailers in the United States enjoy a 76 per cent rate of success in the introduction of new products. However, the bottom 20,000 food companies in the US found to have slightly less than 12 per cent rate of success for new products introduced (Linton, Matysiak and Wilkes, 1997). The review found a number of differences between the top 20 companies and the bottom 20,000 companies in new product introductions. A notable one is the lack of strategic marketing on the part of the bottom 20,000 new product introductions. The research also observed lack of research among the bottom 20,000 food companies in the US. On the other hand, the top twenty companies were observed to greatly embrace strategic marketing and research. Before any new product introductions, these companies had gathered all the vital information through research. Strategic marketing elevated them even higher (Quinn, 1998). These two aspects are what are believed to be the magic behind the success of the top 20 companies. New product introductions were found to cost an average of $270 per product for each store (Linton, Matysiak and Wilkes, 1997). This is quite a sum of money considering that every year a supermarket may introduce about 5000 new products. It therefore becomes very difficult for the small players to compete effectively with the larger and already established players in the retail grocery industry (Porter, 1980). Groceries spend about $956,800 for every store, most of which eventually fail. Strategic marketing and market research can therefore go a long way in increasing the success rate for new product introductions. This can greatly save money for both retail stores and manufacturers, since any successful new product introduction pays off in the long run. The survey further observed that big corporations practice strategic marketing as an essential part of their day-to-day business management. The firm made use of statistics from the US Commerce

Working Capital Management Essay Example for Free

Working Capital Management Essay Finagle A Bagel was purchased in 1998 by Alan Litchman and his wife Laura Trust. At the time Finagle had been in operation for 4 years and operated out of 4 locations. Having come from a corporate background with no bagel baking experience, Alan and Laura faced with many financial and operations decisions with their purchase. Situations such as renting a facility or owning it, incurring debt or partnering with a venture capitalist, building banking relationships, opening lines of credit, and establishing trade credit. Each of these decisions effected if Finagle was in the red or black. Many small companies are faced with similar decisions, determining if the cost is justified and the potential return. When Alan and Laura purchase Finagle, they determined that they wanted to own their facilities, arguing that in the long term it is better to own then rent. This was very advantageous for Finagle as it put them in a position to negotiate with banks when the economy declined. Finagle built partnerships with banks as they were seen as a good investment to the banks, this in turn meant lower interest rates to finance their debt. Early on Finagle had the opportunity to take on partners as a means to raise capital, but they decided instead to take on debt which allowed them to continue to operate their business without oversight. Venture capital partners could have enabled Finagle to grow faster without debt but it could have cost them control over the long term direction they saw for Finagle. As with any business, a good accounting department is necessary. Determining if spending justifies the cost, for Finagle they recognized that they need to spend $10,000 to earn $1,000; as a majority of the profit went to overhead such as electricity and personnel. Understanding the cost of spending enabled the company to be competitive in the marketplace and position themselves for the long-term. Small retail operations see cash daily through individual purchases. Cash  in hand adds surplus to the bottom line as Finagle is seeing immediate payment but has 20 days before they have to pay their vendors. When Finagle started to grow and place their products in grocery stores, they were no longer receiving payment for their goods immediately. The grocery store would provide payment within a stated period of time however Finagle could not delay paying their vendors until they received payment from the grocery store. To combat the time delay between accounts receivable and accounts payable, Finagle opened a line of credit and negotiated the use of trade credit with their vendors. Having multiple means to service their debt has helped Finagle a Bagel to grow into a successful organization. Through strong leadership and working capital management, Finagle has grown to have 5 retail locations, partnerships with 26 grocery stores that stock fresh and frozen bagels, and 12 distributors (Finagle A Bagel, 2014). References Finagle A Bagel. (2014). Where to Buy. Retrieved from http://www.finagleabagel.com/where-to-buy.aspx#!cafe-locations Parrino, R., Kidwell, D., Bates, T. (2012). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Global Warming And Its Many Ramifications Essay Example for Free

Global Warming And Its Many Ramifications Essay The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) supports all ordinances involving environmental protection and the abatement of natural resources degradation. These laws aim to restrict people from abusing the environment and destroying the natural habitats of numerous species. The CATO Institute in Washington believes that the government is not doing enough in terms of environmental protection. The institute emphasizes that government intervention needs to exert more effort in pursuing environmental preservation. The government is essential in pursuing this goal since this endeavor requires a huge amount of monetary and human resources and may not be achieved by a small number of people only (439-440). With the population continually increasing, natural resources are quickly dwindling, and with the loss of natural habitat, the flora and fauna also perish. Currently, the government pursues strategies that aim to protect the plants and animals affected by heightened human development. Better laws and ordinances need to be passed for the government to effectively preserve the ecosystem. If not, the world risks the possibility of humans satisfying only their own needs and satisfaction, without thinking of the long-term effects of development (U. S. EPA) Crucial Environmental Issues The emergence of numerous environmental issues, including the extinction of several plants and animals as well as changes in weather patterns, caused the government to implement restrictions on the activities of man affecting the environment. However, despite the efforts on the part of the government, environmental problems still occur. According to the U. S. EPA, fragmented tactics are not expected to be effective in protecting the environment as only the obvious problems are being undertaken, while the complex and less obvious environmental issues still remain. The U. S. EPA believes that it is important for the government to change the fundamentals of environmental policies. More restrictions need to be incorporated whenever development is envisioned. This is because with the current rate of development, plants and animals are in danger of not continuing to live in their natural habitats. Population explosion depletes the natural resources, which include plants and animals, which humans consume for their survival. In addition, human settlements also destroy the natural habitats of numerous species. Howard M. Singletary, Director of Plant Industry of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, believes that biological diversity is essential in environmental protection (Evaluate the Social). Conserving biological diversity involves the protection of the entire ecosystem. Humans may see themselves as important or more important than the plants and animals that get destroyed as a result of increased population, but it should be noted that the environmental issues that man is facing at the present time are due to the absence of preventive planning. The short-term economic and monetary gains have frequently been treated as more important than the ecosystem. Yet, the destruction of plants and animals as well as their habitat contribute much in global warming and extreme weather situations. (Evaluate the Social). Humanity needs to see the impact of overdevelopment. People also need to realize that they need to invest and sacrifice certain conveniences and luxuries in order to achieve long-term environmental goals. The scientific community and several advocacy groups are supporting government efforts to preserve the environment. The global movement is for the greater good and is based on the fact the earth and everything in it is not owned by a single individual, group or corporation. The scale of the human economy is now such that the wilderness areas that sustain much of the world’s remaining biological diversity are shrinking fast. The rates of wildlife habitat takeover and of species extinctions are the fastest they have ever been in recorded history, and they are accelerating. Tropical forests, the world’s richest species habitats, have already been 55 percent destroyed, and the current rate exceeds 168,000 square kilometers per year. (Evaluate the Social). Stabilizing populations Stabilizing population is more important in industrial countries than in developing countries, since the former overconsume and hence overpollute and are thereby responsible for the greatest increase in the impact of human activities on the already overtaxed environment. The richest 20 percent of the world consume over 70 percent of the world’s commercial energy. Thirteen countries have already reached a fertility rate required in order to achieve zero population growth, so it is not utopian to expect others to follow. The population growth-rate of developing countries of course must also be reduced dramatically. Their population is now 77 percent of the world’s total, and they are responsible for 90 percent of the world’s annual population growth. (Evaluate the Social). The poor must be helped and will justifiably demand to reach at least minimally acceptable living standards by obtaining access to the remaining natural resource base. When industrial nations switch from input growth to qualitative development, more resources and environmental functions will be available for the poor in the South. Scientists observe that as the planet warms up, a great deal of ice and snow near the poles will probably start to melt. That will expose dark tundra and dark seas. That will warm things up – like painting a white roof black. The darker the terrain gets, the warmer those parts of the world will get. More snow will melt there, making the terrain even hotter. All these explanations fill more than thirty pages of rather small print in the Philosophical Magazines, and every one of the calculations had to be solved by hand. To make a greenhouse forecast, experts now build what amounts to a working scales model of the Earth inside a supercomputer. They start with a blank globe, divided into a grid like the grid of latitude and longitude. Typically each box in the grid covers several hundred miles on a side. These boxes are stacked from the surface of the planet high into the atmosphere – a dozen layers of giant boxes of air. Public concern over environmental policy was minimal until the end of the nineteenth century. As the United States expanded westward, the horizon seemed to present an unlimited supply of land, water, mineral deposits and timber. Farming techniques reflected little concern for minimizing soil depletion. Forests were cleared without concern for reforestation or the devastation of soil erosion. Minerals were mined and metals smelted without concern for their effects on fresh-water supplies; when contamination did result, it seemed a minor problem, because alternative sources of water seemed endless. (Royan, 2001). Despite a history of conservation policies, fundamental concerns over environmental protection were still absent from the policy agenda as late as the 1950s. The publication of Silent Spring in 1962 drew attention to the dangers of pesticides such as DDT, in the food chain. The sense of social responsibility that emerged in the 1960s also moved environmental policy from the background to the forefront of the policy agenda. Energy made it to the headlines once again in the year 2000; a shocking power crisis hit the state of California (Royan, 2001). Companies had realized once more that the horrors brought about by serious energy problems over the past three decades had not gone away. The California electricity crisis could potentially fan out towards other states; not only impact would it impact the profitability of a company, but could certainly put many out of business. As the new century fast approaches, the world has slowly realized the synergy between energy conservation and global economic competitiveness. Energy conservation entails the elimination of wastes through the improvement of industrial facilities and processes. Energy conservation also implies environment preservation through pollution prevention, and mitigating the trends toward global warming. Global competitiveness goes hand in hand with energy conservation, and many industrial firms from all over the world have realized that. Worldwide energy consumption in recent years has continued to escalate not only in developed countries but also in developing countries, primarily as a result of rapid industrialization and improvement in the standard of living. In a recent survey conducted by the Association of Energy Engineers, about 22 percent among those surveyed claimed to have reduced accumulated costs by $5 million or more by implementing energy conservation strategies (Cornforth, 1992). The potential for additional savings is still great. Thirty-six percent among those surveyed indicated that further savings that amount to over 10 percent are possible. Thus, investment in protocols that promote energy conservation has proven to be effective in saving costs by reducing waste materials resulting from industrial processes. As the next century approaches, the economic world has gradually come to realize that energy conservation offers the most profitable competitive advantage. Marked improvements in the efficiency of industrial processes or facilities to save fuel consumption reduce wastage. HiTAC has been a significant energy conservation development in recent years, and is now applied to industrial furnaces in many factories worldwide. A positive consequence of saving energy is minimizing greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. Because of the increased efficiency in combustion using HiTAC, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide-byproducts of incomplete burning, are reduced. Therefore, HiTAC saves on operational costs by making fuel consumption more efficient; and consequently, efficient fuel consumption minimizes waste products, among which are greenhouse gases that trigger global warming. (Hotel Sarofim, 1967). Major Changes Taking Place in the US Population and Projected Problems Due to the Climate Changes The US is said to have the highest population of the developed nations, and one of the highest population growth rates at one percent, equivalent to 2. 5 million new Americans every year (Haub). Three national population trends that have been identified in a recent US census are changes in geographic distribution, changes in ethnic composition, and the effect of immigration on population (Haub). With regard to the changing geographic distribution of the population, the population is said to be shifting from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West, both because of internal migration and immigration from other countries (Haub). With regard to ethic composition, while ethnic minorities are said to comprise 25 percent of the population currently, that percentage will increase to 50 percent in 50 years, with Asians rising in numbers from 7. 1 to 40 million by 2050, and Hispanics rising in numbers to 90 million in 2050, constituting 22 percent of the population (Haub). Immigration, on the other hand, presently accounts for a third of the population increase yearly, and is expected to be a major contributor to population growth in the future (Haub). It naturally follows that the South and West will have to deal with the attendant problems of the shifting geographic distribution in its favor, while the change in ethnic composition can be predicted to contribute its own set of problems. Problems Causing the Decline in the Quality of Life in Cities, Possible Solutions It is said that more than a billion urban dwellers, out of a total of three billion, are located in slum areas, with half living in Asia (Whelan). This is indicative of the mammoth problems of governments with regard to the provision for food (Sustainable Development Networking Program), opportunities for employment, environmental degradation, sanitation, and general quality of living in cities. Another problem causing the decline in quality of life is said to be urban sprawl, whose effects range from over-congestion to pollution (Goodwin). In the US, the states that are the destination of internal and external migration and immigration in the ongoing shift in geographic distribution of the population that will have to deal with these issues. Proposed solutions include the revision of federal laws to limit immigration, the creation of boundaries that will redirect urban growth to places where urban services can be provided, and tighter control on allowable density and housing (Goodwin). There are many environmentalists like Senator Hillary who had been bold about her support on the Supreme Court’s Global Warming Decision. She states that the scientific consensus is that global warming poses a serious threat to human activities (Statement of Senator Hillary Clinton on the Supreme Court†¦2007, par 1). She challenges President Bush to address this pressing global environmental threat as soon as possible. Issues on the Ozone In the discussions on the ozone hole, it is but apt to provide a brief explanation on what exactly is the ozone and how it is formed. The ozone, according to the Centre for Atmospheric Science, â€Å"forms a layer in the stratosphere, thinnest in the tropics (around the equator) and denser towards the poles†. More specifically, â€Å"[O]zone is a toxic, strong reactive compound consisting of three oxygen atoms† (Francois). As explained by the Centre for Atmospheric Science, the ozone is formed â€Å"when ultraviolet [radiation coming from the sun], strikes the stratosphere, dissociating (or splitting) oxygen molecules to atomic oxygen†¦[that] quickly combines with further oxygen molecules to form ozone† More commonly, the ozone is known as the layer that protects human beings and other living things from the harmful rays of the sun, more specifically, the ultraviolet rays-shielding us from being stricken by skin cancer. This common conception of the ozone layer, which provides a good notion of what ozone is, is just one side of the coin. Scientists refer to this more commonly know ozone as the stratospheric ozone (Centre for Atmospheric Science). On the other side of the coin is the tropospheric or the ground level ozone, which is considered as a major health hazard, is a â€Å"major constituent of photochemical smog† (Centre for Atmospheric Science). It is referred to as a pollutant because of its being lethal if inhaled (Newman). Ozone Facts According to the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), the story of the ozone hole has its roots from the chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s, â€Å"a family of most commonly used industrial compounds†. CFC’s was invented by Thomas Midgley in 1928 which later on was called as a â€Å"miracle compound† due to its proven useful for man’s convenience (NRDC). Since then, it was effectively â€Å"used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging† (Francois). However, decades after the â€Å"miracle compound† was invented and used in many industries and households as effective refrigerants, it was found out that it had caused a serious damage to the environment, more particularly to the ozone layer. It took American scientists Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland to prove that the â€Å"miracle compound† turned out to be damaging to the environment as they hypothesized in 1974 that CFC’s â€Å"possibly played an active role in the depletion of the ozone layer† (NRDC). This announcement had sparked heated debates not just among scientists but also among policymakers, environmentalists and industry players on the â€Å"whys and wherefores of ozone depletion† (NRDC). It was explained by Newman that CFC’s became harmful to the ozone because of its chlorine make-up and â€Å"it turn[ed] out that CFC’s are an excellent way of introducing chlorine into the ozone layer†. This happens as the ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun strikes CFC’s that go up into the altitude of the ozone layer, this UV radiation breaks down CFC’s and frees chlorine (Newman). After chlorine has been freed, this â€Å"has the potential to destroy large amount of ozone† (Newman). Francois also provides connection of the thinning of the ozone layer to the introduction of large amount of chlorine in the atmosphere through the use of CFC’s. The Centre for Atmospheric Science stated that â€Å"Evidence that human activities affect the ozone layer has been building up over the last 20 years, ever since scientists first suggested that the release of CFC’s into the atmosphere could reduce the amount of ozone over our heads†. But prior to the hole being discovered, the negative effects of the CFC’s were never taken seriously by the majority of the people as they were not convinced on the connection between CFC’s and the depletion of the ozone layer (NRDC). In 1985, a major discovery had brought great alarm to the whole world as it was discovered by Joseph Farman and his colleagues that there was a hole in the ozone layer (Newman [b]). In fact, the severity of the discovered ozone depletion made the English scientist in the Halley Bay station in Antarctica, who discovered the hole, to think that the equipment he used to measure the extent of the hole was broken (NRDC). He sent the equipment back to England to have the equipment repaired but when he tried to measure the depletion again, his initial finding that the ozone layer had been depleted was confirmed (Francois). Another theoretical attempt, which later on was proven to be correct, was the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† as summarized by the Centre for Atmospheric Science as follows: †¢ â€Å"The polar winter leads to the formation of the polar vortex which isolates the air within it. †¢ â€Å"Cold temperatures form inside the vortex; cold enough for the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). As the vortex air is isolated, the cold temperatures and the PSCs persist. †¢ â€Å"Once the PSCs form, heterogeneous reactions take place and convert the inactive chlorine and bromine reservoirs to more active forms of chlorine and bromine. †¢ â€Å"No ozone loss occurs until sunlight returns to the air inside the polar vortex and allows the production of active chlorine and initiates the catalytic ozone destruction cycles. Ozone loss is rapid. The ozone hole currently covers a geographic region a little bigger than Antarctica and extends nearly 10km in altitude in the lower stratosphere. â€Å" Basically, the preceding enumeration of the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† is similar to the Heterogeneous Chemistry Theory that proposed chemical reactions occurring within the ozone layer. This also explains why the hole is over Antarctica and not over the other continents. The atmospheric conditions prevailing in Antarctica, which is its having ultra cold temperature, suits the chemical reactions that take place resulting to ozone depletion. Consequences of Depleted Ozone The most common knowledge as to the adverse effects of the depletion of the ozone layer is that it increases the penetration of the ultraviolet radiation resulting to more skin cancer. As Francois puts it, â€Å"[W]hen this protective layer is reduced, it has dramatic consequences on life† such as slower photosynthesis among plants as increased radiation results to less metabolism; destruction of micro-organisms which play a vital role in the food chain; and, the increase in cases of skin cancer. Basically, the depletion of the ozone layer can result to an enormous change in the ecological balance. It is a universal fact, based on the studies and researches that have been made, that a little tip in the ecological balance could result to a mammoth change in our environment that could adversely affect the way people live. The slight increase in temperature can cause destructive floods to countries surrounded by oceans. In the case of the increase in the ozone hole, it can results to unfavorable changes in our environment starting from the destruction of micro-organisms and the instability that it causes to the metabolism of plants responsible to changes in photosynthesis. These changes may not be visible in the present time, which makes many people complacent and insensitive as to their roles in the protection of the ozone layer, but catastrophic results can be felt in the near future.

Lower Back Pain in the Elderly in Institutionalised Centres

Lower Back Pain in the Elderly in Institutionalised Centres DISCUSSION INTRODUCTION In this section, the result findings will be discussed. The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of LBP among the institutionalized centers in Malaysia, to compare the muscle changes in term of muscle control, flexibility and strength between two groups of elderly; LBP group and non-LBP group, and to determine the functional status of the elderly in institutionalized centers. The discussion will be focused on the finding of comparison for muscle changes between both groups and also the functional status of elderly in institutionalized centers. According to Malaysian Department of Statistics, the population of Malaysian will be increased by 2020. The annual growth rate of the elderly increased from 3.1% in 1980-1990’s periods to 4.0% in period between years 2000-2010. The leading factor for this life expectancy improvement was low fertility and mortality. By the year of 2020, Malaysia would qualify to be an aging population where the population of elderly reached nearly 7% and 5 years later will be increased over 9% (Tengku Aizan et al., 2006). Recent studies on global prevalence of LBP was found that with the highest prevalence among those aged 40-80 years and among female individuals, LBP became the major problem throughout the world (Hoy et al., 2012). People with LBP has been found to had changes in automatic control of TrA (Jacobs, Hammerman-rozenberg, Cohen, Stessman, 2006), reduced trunk muscle strength (Bel et al., 2010), and spinal stiffness (Freddolini, Strike, Lee, 2014). However, none of the study done in Malaysia concentrates on elderly aged 60 and above especially elderly in institutionalized centers. Therefore, our understanding of the muscles changes happened between LBP elderly population and healthy population especially in Asian country is critically ill. PREVALENCE OF LOW BACK PAIN There has been undefined conclusion for the epidemiology for back pain especially in elderly. The present study found similar findings with other Hirsch, (1959) that the prevalence of LBP peak in the middle and declined after 60 years old. In this study, the prevalence for elderly who had LBP was 62.6% of total sample. Traditionally, it stated that back pain is common in early adulthood, peaks in middle age and declines in beyond than 60 years (Papageorgiou et al., 1995; Hirsch, 1959). Others stated that there may be because of degenerative spine and brain that caused reduces levels of back pain. Elderly also had tendency to have an age-related decline in pain sensitivity. In contrast, study done by Adams et al., proclaimed that ageing is not closely related with back pain (Wiesel, 2013). However, based on personal opinion by Dr. Richard, he agrees with study by Papageorgiou et al., (1995). In this study, the results presented that the prevalence of LBP was higher in elderly with age range from 60-69 years old than more than 70 years old. The prevalence of pain is gradually decrease with age as in this study the number of subjects was limited for age more than 80 years. A study found that symptoms of back pain began in the late twenties, highest between the ages of thirty to fifty years and then the decline or remain stable with age (Wiesel, 2013). However, when the researchers looked at the prevalence of severe back pain, it was highest among seniors, increasing from 5.4% in those aged 40 years or less to 10% in persons over 80 years of age (MacFarlane et al., 2012). MUSCLE CHANGES BETWEEN LBP AND NON-LBP GROUPS The main results showed that there is no significant difference in term of muscle changes between LBP and non-LBP elderly except for muscle control and muscle flexibility for left side flexion. Although many studies had been done on trunk muscle strength for patients with LBP, there is no reliable opinion concluded (Ikeda et al., 1994; Goto, 2001; Sakamoto et al., 1991; Ito et al., 2001; Ota, 2011; Murakami et al., 2011). Contrary to the previous study, the present study found similar finding of trunk muscle strength between both group LBP and non-LBP. Interestingly, study done by Lee et al, (1999) showed that there was a difference in trunk muscle strength where extensor muscle strength is lower than flexor muscle strength. Besides, other study done by Demoulin et al., (2007) also showed positive finding where LBP and muscle changes (fatigue) that lead to muscle weakness are correlated and was supported with study by Fryer et al., (2004) where decreased trunk muscle strength and mus cle activity were associated with LBP. The result from this study is differ from other previous studies because of this result was affected by aging factor. Most of the previous study were done among the young and middle age population (Keller et al., 2004; Klein, Snyder-Mackler, Roy, DeLuca, 1991; Taechasubamorn, Nopkesorn, Pannarunothai, 2010; Yasuda, Minami, Daikuya, 2013) and there is very limited for studies done among geriatrics population. Study by Ferreira et al., (2004) demonstrated evidence for changes in automatic control of TrA in individual with LBP where individual with LBP had reduced abdominal muscles recruitment and TrA muscle activity (P. H. Ferreira, Ferreira, Hodges, 2004; Hodges, 1996) . Their study supported this study, as the result in this study for muscle control showed significant difference between both groups. Thus, it showed that LBP group had lower muscle control than non-LBP group. It can be one of causes that will lead to LBP as Cholewicki, (1996) and Panjabi, (1992) had expressed in their studies that possible causes of some low back pain disorders and chronic back pain are motor control errors and muscular dysfunction (Cholewicki, Panjabi, Khachatryan, 1997). The PBU was used in this study as it showed high reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.85) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.86) (Olavo et al., 2012). It provides strong support that proved the result of this study. Another study was done to measure the precision muscle control in healthy and low back pain patients using a spiral-tracking task and trunk muscle electromyography and was found that tracking errors were higher in the LBP patients and increased with trunk inclination compared to healthy controls (Willigenburg, Kingma, Hoozemans, Dieà «n, 2013). Thus, the results from this study can be additional evidence that showed the difference of trunk muscle control between LBP and non-LBP individuals. Interestingly, a research on postural activity of abdominal muscles was differ between body position and these showed various contribution of abdominal muscle regions to stability of the trunk (Urquhart, Hodges, Story, 2005). The result for trunk muscle flexibility in this study showed similar results except for trunk left side flexion where it showed significant difference (p FUNCTIONAL STATUS AMONG ELDERLY IN INSTITUTIONALIZED CENTERS Age-related diminished physical fitness has showed contribution to the development of sarcopenia, frailty and reduced functional status (Garatachea Lucia, 2013). The gait speed test using 10 m walk test, upper limbs strength test using hand dynamometer, lower limb strength using 30 sec sit-to-stand test, and seat-reach test was used in the study field. These subjects were ranged from age of 60 and above. In the study sample, there is no significant difference of functional status between both groups LBP and non LBP except for gait speed test and right hand grip strength. According to Kubicki’s (2014) in his study stated that a study done by Fried et al., (2001) showed that a score for the gait speed test that under 0.65 m by second reveals a frailty status (Kubicki, 2014). LIMITATION OF STUDY The limitation of the current study was lack of probability sampling method as this study used convenient sampling method. It caused the unequal distribution of both groups sample which may lead to non-significant results at the end. The size, convenience, and homogeneity of the sample limit the generalizability of this study. Another limitation was that the measurement was done by different researches which have caused some error during the measurement due to different level of skills. Due to the lack of training for the tools from the experts and inexperience researches, limited tools and modified position, the study was under-powered, and thus, did not reach statistically significance. Other than that, the duration for data collection was too short with lead to reduced man-power. Subject’s consents also became one of the limitations in this study. Research that involves human being was challenging as dealing with unstable emotion especially elderly. A lot of subjects were refused to participate in this research because of depression and unstable emotion. In addition, previous research done among the institutionalized centers in Malaysia was very limited which lead to limitation of evidence to support this research. Most of the study done was among the healthy and young population, and elderly without back pain in community dwelling. Very limited source was present in the time being that study on the comparison between elderly in community setting and institutionalized setting especially in Malaysia. On the other hand, to compare more precise the differences between LBP and healthy subjects, more complex methods using higher order kinematics should be done to assess spinal biomechanical function. This has been attempted by few researches and the conclude that to achieve better evaluation and discrimination, more complex tasks such complex motion parameters were needed (Mieritz et al., 2014). Even though the normality was not normally distributed and the results was insignificant when comparing both groups, however this is first evidence of comparison on muscle changes among elderly with LBP and non-LBP among our local institutionalized center. The results should serve as a basis for future studies with larger population and normal distribution to investigate further this matter. Thus, further investigation and research need to be done among the Malaysian population especially in elderly setting and institutionalized setting. These will help in future research development and better management for the elderly population as the elderly population has been increased dramatically. CONCLUSION The main findings of this study show higher prevalence of low back pain among the elderly in institutionalized centers. Muscle changes generally happened in elderly as the aging process takes place. There is no significant difference when comparing both groups except for muscle control and left side trunk flexion. Only gait speed showed difference between both groups where LBP individuals had slower gait speed compared to non-LBP individual. Therefore, for planning of intervention for LBP elderly, they should consider gait speed as their one of outcome measure.

The Power of Teaching Essay -- College Admissions Teaching Education

The Power of Teaching â€Å"To furnish the means of acquiring knowledge is...the greatest benefit that can be conferred upon mankind.†--(John Quincy Adams) I have never questioned what I wanted to be when I grow up. From the time as a small child I knew that I wanted to teach. Even at the end of many long school days, I would come home and play school with the neighborhood children. I had such a desire to help others learn and took pleasure in doing so. Still, to this present day I am teaching and helping others. Presently, I coach seventh and eighth grade girls’ basketball. I am constantly teaching different methods and strategies to help enhance each individual’s game. From my previous experiences I know education is the field that I wish to pursue. I believe that the overall purpose of education is to prepare for the future. The world is becoming more technologically advanced each day. Education is important to completely understand these new concepts. Education is the key to a successful and fulfilling life. The purpose is to give each child the equal opp...

Short Stories :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the two short stories, â€Å"The Free Radio† and â€Å"Everything Rises Must Converge,† the main characters of each story have to make many important decisions/choices. The choices that are made change how other characters see the main character as well as how they react to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story, †The Free Radio,† by Salman Rushdie, Ram has many choices to make throughout the story. Ram who could have had anything in the world he wanted made many poor choices. Ram was the cutest guy in the town; he had everything going for him. Then he met the widow and her five children, and he also started hanging with the youth armbands, these people lead to the downfall of Ram. The radio represented a way for Ram to escape reality and when Ram didn’t get it he had to deal with all the negative choices he made. This is what hurt Ram because he had made so many negative choices in throughout the story. The theme of this story is to be happy in whatever you do and if your not you can always move to a new town and start over like Ram did. In the short story, â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge,† by Flanery O’Connor, Julian learns there are more people in this world other than himself. The way he learns this is by taking his over weight mother every Wednesday night to the Y so she could exercise. Julian’s mother is scared to go by herself because her town has become segregated. In the story there is an expensive hat that is wore by Julian’s mother. The mother was skeptical to wear it because she thought it was funny looking, but she wore it anyway. While on the bus to the Y a colored lady came on with a similar hat as Julian’s mothers. When Julian saw this he began to make fun of his mother because she had the same hat as a colored person.

Alice in Wonderland :: essays research papers

www.eReferate.ro -Cea mai buna inspiratie†¦ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Lewis Carroll Some of the most lastingly delightful children's books in English are "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-Glass". Here are what Albert Baugh write about them in "A Literary History of England": "Written by an eccentric Oxford don to amuse his little girlfriends, these two world-famous books are the best of all memorials of the Victorian love of nonsense. In them are elements of satire and parody which connect them with a long tradition, but they shot through with a quality distorted logic (for their author was a professional mathematician and logician) which is inimitable and unique." A story may be told either by one of the characters, or by an external narrator. To define by whom the narration is made is to define the point of view that the author has chosen for his story. In "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" the narrator does not introduce himself as a character. Lewis Carroll uses 3rd person narrative. Yet, everything in the story is seen, heard or thought happens which she cannot sense, or in places where she is not present. This kind of point of view is called selective omniscience, that is the author knows everything, but only through one character's consciousness. Other books in which author uses the same point of view are "Amintiri din copilà £rie" and other novels written by the romanian writer Ion Creangà £. In the end reader is told that everything has been a dream. There are a lot of elements which make up the dreamlike atmosphere. One of Carroll's favourite devices is the pun (play upon words) that is the humorous use of the same word in more than one sense, or of two different words similarly pronounced.

Lead “Respect-Innovation-Teamwork and Dedication

1. Your using the Internet Internet has long been said to create life-changing impacts on the whole world. And I’m no exception as this worldwide network is an indispensable part of my daily life. First, it opens the global media and communication for me. Currently a student living far away from home, with the efficient help of the Internet, I can write email and have an online talk with my parent's and other family members, at any time we feel convenient. This advancement also grants me access to various mearns of entertainment, from my top-rated movies to the articles on the Times Magazine.On top of that, Internet redefines my way of collecting knowledge. Instead of looking up in huge books or turning through thousands pages of an encyclopedia, just typing the keyword in a search engine and a click is enough to get more than what you expect. As long as you are conscious of some faulty information, doing research online is a great idea. When assigned a paper or an essay on a subject, I don’t have to go through piles of books to collect data. With a computer connected to Internet, I can comfortably complete my research, which saves both my time and effort.And lastly, Internet provides me with the chance to study online inexpensively. Taking online foreign language courses, downloading precious e-books, attending lectures by famous university worldwide are some benefits of this. Overall, it seems to me that going online is advantageous in many ways. 2. A famous company You’ve probably heard of VAIO notebooks and ultrabooks, Walkman MP3 players, Cyber-shot ddigital cameras, PlayStation or Bravia TVs. Yes, I’m talking about Sony Corporation, a famous Japanese firm based right at the heart of Tokyo.Primarily focused on Electronics, Game, Entertainment and Financial Services, the company is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets and has historically been notable for  creating it s own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those of others. The name Sony is derived from the Latin word â€Å"sonus† (sound) and a slang word â€Å"sonny,† which connotes smart and presentable young men. First started with only $530 in 1946 as â€Å"Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation,† the company, known as Sony since 1958, has go through many ups and downs.They started doing business in the USA in the 1960s and played a major role in the development of Japan as a powerful exporter during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. Their production quality significantly contributed to promoting the â€Å"Made in Japan† brand worldwide. What’s more, it’s Sony that encourages the development of the Compact Disc in the 1980s and the PlayStation in 1990s. Its media presence also greatly expands in this time with the purchase of CBS Records and Columbia Pictures. However, they did experience some problems .Amid the global recession in the 1980s, analysts used to say â€Å"It’s over for Sony,† while the 1990s saw its unrewarding expansion into new businesses. And for the mid-to-late 2000s, it became known for its stagnancy, with a fading brand name. Despite all of the above, Sony with the slogan â€Å"make. believe† still remains my dream future working place. 3. Your health and fitness I really like a healthy lifestyle, and that’s why I take up daily jogging. The place that I go jogging from 5pm to 6pm each day is the Thong Nhat Park, which is only 1km from my house. The main reason why I think this aactivity healthy is because it helps me relaxed.My daily life involves a lot of stress, due to the heavy workload both at school and at my part-time workplace. Usually, the first 15 minutes is spent on my day recap- whether it was a good day filled with great news or a terrible and forgettable day. But gradually all these stress and strains of my life disappea r. The mere thought in my head at this time is all about the beauty of the lakes, the green fields and gusts of wind blowing. As I count every step of mine on the road, I just forget all and feel like I am refreshed, like all the things I’m worry about are eased.By the time I come back, I feel fresh as a daisy and ready to get shined, changed to go back to work. And of course, it also keeps me fit and healthy. In general, it’s an all-round exercise, and I absolutely love it. 4. An unforgettable memory with our class Up to now, college life has been great for me. 5. A modern product you like Some people may think about computer when talking about a favorite modern product of theirs, or they even consider it of utmost importance. But I’d say television. Ever since this wonderful invention, human history has started a new page.First, TV allows us to learn about what’s going on the world and grasp new knowledge inexpensively. Simply by sitting at home in fron t of the screen, an FTU student, for example, still knows that there’s a great tsunami and earthquake in Japan or watches American President Obama’s live speech. Such useful information from around the globe enables us to get a better understanding of the world we are currently living in. Or you can take my friend for another example. Her family couldn’t afford the high tuition fees of preparation courses for the university entrance exam.So she decided to watch and learn from the TV series â€Å"Luyen thi dai hoc. † And she passed the exam with flying colors, thanks to TV. What’s more, TV provides a wide vvariety of interesting programs that many enjoy after a long working day. The visual effects shown in movies, dramas, music shows makes people feel less stressed and relaxed. Imagine how excited you will be when meeting your favorite actor in the latest episode of a Korean drama after completing your assignment, with the help of TV, of course. Plu s, TV offers numerous shows and series which cater for various groups’ taste.This explains why it remains popular regardless of other mearns of communication’s rapid development. For all of the above, television is among my top choices. 6. Vietnamese business culture The recent years have seen a constantly increasing number of foreigners doing business in Vietnam, and it’s vital that they know basic Vietnamese business etiquette. In my opinion, demonstrating proficiency in Vietnamese business culture will certainly impress our partners. The meeting etiquette in Vietnam is generally warm and accepting; so ensuring your success and prosperous collaboration is all about following some simple rules. First, be prepared.Some basic knowledge about the South East Asia region and Vietnam in particular is enough. Second, you should establish trust with your Vietnamese partner, as they consider it of prime importance. It’s the tie building from trust that binds Viet namese society. What’s more, you should learn the language. You can easily communicate with them in English, but as in any other country, local people appreciate foreigners who can speak and use Vietnamese in contexts. It’s the fastest way to get immersed in this Asian culture and customs. Conversational business Vietnamese is in no way difficult compared to some other Asian languages.

”Bon Voyage, Mr President” by Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay

Bon Voyage, Mr President is a short story written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. This is a tale of a South American President in exile. Nearing the end of his days, we are given an insight into the life of a man with injured pride, reminiscing the days that went by and so fast, where the President had lost everything he had worked for and knew. Quotes Bon Voyage, Mr. President ‘Resting on the silver handle of his cane’ This quotation emphasises the Presidents elegance and importance. His importance is enforced by the fact he carries a cane and not a common walking stick. A cane being the common tool of intimidation used by the military and by those who feel they are superior to the average civilian. The silver handle on the cane illustrates his elegance. He had style, elegance and capital, as well as authority, his overall effect being a man of status. ‘He was one more incognito in the city of illustrious incognitos’ This quotation is a contradiction. Incognito means in disguise, while illustrious means to stand out. This paradox sums up the President; he wants to not be noticed, but still wants fame. So while wearing clothes everyone else was wearing, something would make him stand out. He wants fame and power, but not for being the President in exile. ‘Only the weariness of his skin betrayed the state of his health’ Where the president dressed stylishly, with fine clothes, and his hair did not give away hints of age, with strands of grey hair, his skin was haggard and wrinkled that of an old man. The quotation shows that the president looked young and acted young, and if it were not for his skin he could have passed for a younger man. ‘On his first visit to Geneva the lake had been calm and clear and there were tame gulls that would eat of one’s hand’ This is a good example of Rhetoric. It uses sub textual language and Marquez uses persuasive writing. This statement implies that the president was very powerful and using the gulls as an analogy, compares them to civilians and how, once, they were at his beck and call. Reconstruction ‘When arriving in Trinidad he became one more poor man in a country full of powerful poor men’ This quotation is a contradiction; the stereo-typical poor person would not be powerful. This paradox expresses how the President must have felt. Opposed to his power and wealth from running a country, he was now somewhat inferior. In exile in a foreign country, he was surrounded by men that were raised in this milieu. Powerful, by the means, that they knew and almost dictated how everything worked. ‘Only the slight problem of not being a legal citizen in Trinidad deceived the actual situation of his affairs’ This quotation is a pejorative fact. The President might feel it a positive situation, as he could not be tied emotionally to any one place, so he cannot be hurt if he is, once more, thrown out, as in the case of Columbia. However it could also be a negative factor because things that will be a necessity for a comfortable life, e.g. a job, would be almost impossible to achieve. Free Choice; the Perplexing Simplicity of a Lack of Nothing ‘One never can see the thing in itself, because the mind does not transcend phenomena’ This statement has sub textual meaning. On the surface it means, you cannot see something if the mind does not believe that it can out do the extra-ordinary. But underneath that, I feel that this quotation almost has a moralistic sub textual meaning, this being if you think that within yourself, you can’t do something and you don’t attempt to, you will never be able to. Once convinced it is impossible, it is. ‘My vision began to diminish in both scope and clarity, and I prayed despondently for the message that I had left to be procured by those to whom I had intended it, and not by those to whom the exorbitant value was exceeded only by their macabre predilections’ This quotation is a fine example of the stereo-typical religious belief that praying in a difficult situation, you will be relieved of all problems. The character looks towards G-d to firstly protect him and secondly protect the information he has been entrusted with being recounted to the wrong people. The character believes that g-d will help him and this is a very good illustration of idolism. There are many comparisons to make between the above eight quotes, as well as between the three extracts, all being entirely individual pieces. Bon Voyage, Mr. President and the Reconstruction are both somewhat related in the means that they have the same story line and background, the similarities very evident. But, however, The Perplexing Simplicity of a Lack of Nothing is a very diverse piece of writing, expressing confusion, desperation and obscurity opposed to Bon Voyage, Mr. President and the Reconstruction, which was full of prosperity and understanding. All three of these extracts were well written and individual; however there are criticisms to be made. The President, in Bon Voyage, Mr. President, is a stereo-typical, military based, authoritarian figure. Things like ‘†¦stiff hat of a retired magistrate.’ Or ‘†¦arrogant moustache of a musketeer.’ all present the image of man in control, who would not commit a crime. In this description, nothing gives away any shrewdness or a clue that would reflect the offence he committed to be exiled. Marquez keeps some key information that would allow the reader to be more gripped by the short story, secret, and that, I feel, almost ruins the whole tale. By using a more Rhetoric type of writing the reader would find Marquez’s writing more intriguing. The Reconstruction is meant to be linked to Bon Voyage, Mr. President, however the author portrayed Mr. President as quite a different character. The author implied that the President was a laid back man, with much hope and little regret; he was looking towards the future and not at the past by saying ‘He now had a bounce in his step and he changed into a silk shirt with cotton shorts’. This Rhetoric gives the opposite impression to which Bon Voyage, Mr. President was trying to bestow. This is an easy mistake, but if read together would confuse the reader. The Perplexing Simplicity of a Lack of Nothing is a very difficult piece to understand, with maybe hidden meaning. There was hardly any significance that could be drawn from it. A huge failure, of the author, was that, there did not seem to be any constant story line, there was a base, but the majority jumped from idea to idea. Also, the words used were difficult to comprehend in a short story and too many used too close together. This material was more novel quality rather than an extract or short story, the author should have kept in mind what type of story they were asked to compose and not trail from it.

Herbert Marcuse: Life and Philosophies Essay

Herbert Marcuse was born in 1898 in Berlin and studied in Freiburg where he received his PhD in 1922 in Literature. His life was mainly portrayed in his various roles as a philosopher, social theorist, and political activist and university professor. Known to us as the â€Å"father of the New Left†, he has authored many books and articles in support of his thoughts. During his early years of career, he has worked with Martin Heidegger, then one of the most influential thinkers in Germany and who he has regarded his mentor. His initial ideas on philosophical perspectives of phenomenology, existentialism, and Marxism were demonstrated in his first published article in 1928. He had offered a different view about Marxist thought and that is probably what scholars from the New Left had derived from him. He argued that there is much to Marxism that most Marxists have overlooked- it is more than a battle of transition from capitalism to socialism. He decided to join the Institut fur Sozialforschung in Frankfurt, later in Geneva and Columbia University. He studied Hegel’s Ontology and Theory of Historicity in 1932. He published in 1933, a major review of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts written by Marx in 1844, meant to correct the early interpretations of Marxist scholars. His theories were centered on critical perspectives on modern capitalism and revolutionary change and liberation from the rich; hence the essence of his â€Å"one-dimensional† society and his concept of â€Å"the great refusal† Consequently, he became one of the most influential intellectuals in the United States during the 1960s and into the 1970s. Here he has written â€Å"Reason and Revolution† (1941), which explored the birth of the ideas of Hegel, Marx, and modern social theory, introducing to English readers the Hegelian-Marxian tradition of dialectical thinking and social analysis. He has worked as the head of the Central European bureau by the end of World War II, after which he returned to intellectual work and published Eros and Civilization in 1955 which is a synthesis of Marx and Freud arguing that the unconscious contained evidence of an instinctual drive toward happiness and freedom articulated in daydreams, works of art, philosophy, and other cultural products- a non-repressive civilization is imagined where libidinal and non-alienated labor, play, free and open sexuality manifest. He became a professor in Brandeis University and University of California in La Jolla. He died in 1979. Herbert Marcuse’s contribution to social theory transcends others in his use of Philosophy in his explanations. For one, his Philosophy of Art is best characterized as â€Å"negative art†. His idea about a great art is one that is irrational, negative and destructive. Nonetheless, it is important in the society as it is useful. Again, going back from his Freudian cum Marxian critique of the capitalist society where this notion of art emanates; Freud’s psychology places a heavy emphasis on the role of (sexual) repression. The reality principle replaces the pleasure principle in young children. This is the basis of civilized society, and nothing can satisfy these unconscious desires of adults. The self that represses and is disgusted by what is repressed is the adult, social self while the self that delights in the repressed is the childish, anti-social self. This repression is exemplified by folk characters such as Peter Pan. A modification was made by Marcuse by adding a difference between â€Å"necessary† and â€Å"surplus† repression. The former is essential for survival while the latter is demanded by other people (e.  g. rulers). Surplus repression is eliminated while necessary repression is minimized by progress. However, surplus repression is heightened by the elite. If it was necessary repression that was being challenged, we would have the duty to constrain the outrage that people express as a product of inner conflict and preserve civilization. So that we could conquer the surplus repression on the other hand, we must release our unnecessary desires from all repressions. The art then serves as the source of such revolution. These conceptions of repression are evident in his â€Å"Eros and Civilization†. Any discussion about his Philosophy on Art would have to deal with this critical work. Eros and Civilization may be considered a Marxist interpretation of Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents. Marcuse argued contrary to Freud that repression of the Libido is not a necessary precondition of civilization but only of a civilization limited by want and toil, which is of economic scarcity. (Eidelberg, 1969) Also, in One-Dimensional Man, he argued that subtle forms of repression exists amidst the freedom and affluence manifested in American society. From these two, he was able top coin the term â€Å"repressive tolerance† which according to him is generated by an economy based on planned obsolescence and the production of wastes. While the economic establishment may produce useful and beneficial things, its existence depends primarily on the production of frivolous and even harmful things. And while it may sometimes satisfy â€Å"true† needs, more often it manufactures a multiplicity of â€Å"false† needs†¦ (Eidelberg 1969) In addition, the products of the economy, like that in the entertainment industry needs creates  this â€Å"false consciousness† thru the reactions, beliefs, ideas and feelings that it carries which immunes the industry against falseness. The â€Å"true† needs are repressed because the manufacturing and gratification of artificial needs produce a feeling of satisfaction which constrains the individual from opposing economic and political structures. This is why â€Å"great art† for Marcuse is one that is able to liberate from the manufactured rationality, positivism and subtle repressions of the society- one that goes out of the normal, accepted and gratified. There are certain forms of art that are meant to constitute the same ideas, sentiments and want that are categorized as â€Å"false† and are there to create a pleasant relationship between producers and consumers. Marcuse’s Philosophy of Art clearly follows his line of argumentations on â€Å"repression†. No good art would aim at participating in the creation of â€Å"false consciousness† and establish needs and wants that individuals do not regard as necessary. For Herbert Marcuse, â€Å"true needs† are those that the individual decides for him self because no need nor want may be dictated by any tribe, society, etc. Most of Marcuse’s philosophy arises from his interpretation of Hegel’s. In his work, Reason and Revolution, Pippin says that: Most clearly, what Marcuse wants to preserve and defend in Hegel is the central place given in his system to â€Å"negativity†, the â€Å"power† of thought and action to reject and transform any putative â€Å"positive† reality, and the impossibility of understanding any such reality except in relation to this possibility. Accordingly, in Reason and Revolution, he again rejects in Hegel all those aspects of his thought that tend to suppress or overcome this negating potential (Pippin 1988 Cited in Anderson 1993) It seems that this negativity will be the source and means of acquiring reason and knowledge that presupposes freedom from repression. This is the same negativity that Marcuse expresses in the â€Å"great† art. Anderson explains this â€Å"negativity in relation to Marx and Hegel: For Marx, as for Hegel, the dialectic takes note of the fact that the negation inherent in reality is â€Å"the moving and creative principle†. The dialectic is the dialectic of negativity†¦ Negativity is important to Marx in part because economic realities exhibit their own inherent negativity. Marcuse’s stress on Hegel’s concept of negativity is new and original. (Anderson 1993) Hence, certain types of art exhibit the principle of negativity that may not portray existing realities as the essence of reality may indeed be implicit yet is creative to convey ideas of the unknown and true. How then are Marcuse’s ideas especially his philosophies relevant in today’s society? I could only think of the prevailing culture and how such is played by media, capitalism, political structures and organizations. How is repression exhibited by their activities and ideas? Which of our â€Å"true† needs are suppressed? Which of the needs they insist on the public are considered â€Å"false† needs? Where is art as the potential revolutionary tool to resist repression? Imagine television commercials that are made to promote certain products. While many are made to patronize the product, the demand has been created as a result of a dictation for the purpose of profit for the producer, tv network, etc. The demand created may only satisfy the superficial needs of the consumer. For, even if the â€Å"will† of the individual to consume the product may be voluntary, it is nonetheless a form of participation to the orthodox or mainstream beliefs and desires. The tv commercial becomes the tool for the expansion of the â€Å"false consciousness†. The economic system created becomes a system of gratification of what seemingly appears as demand yet demand dictated by profit, ergo â€Å"false†. The â€Å"true† needs are repressed for the â€Å"true need† emerges as the ideas that are advocating liberation from the norm and comfortably accepted. Art could become a tool for this revolutionary endeavor. In the same way that Art could be appreciated readily in the societal market, it could contain subtle thoughts and ideologies aimed at pursuing â€Å"true needs† with less confrontation and hindrances. Art may take various forms; paintings, music, architecture, literature, etc. While Art is also categorized as mainstream and peripheral, only those that are based on Reason may truly reflect realities and negate the economic rationalities presented in a repressed society. Herbert Marcuse has truly contributed a lot to the understanding of various societal aspects. His Philosophy of Art is a subject that is both enlightening and liberating.

American Reconstruction: a Revolution or a Failure?

American Reconstruction: A Revolution or a Failure? Historians Eric Foner and C. Vann Woodward, provide a Tyson Vs Ali fight in the debate over whether the American Reconstruction period was in fact a revolution or a failure. Each provides an in-depth analysis supporting his argument. Foner takes the approach that the Reconstruction was a Revolution, explaining, that â€Å"Reconstruction allowed scope for a remarkable political and social mobilization of black, community, opening doors of opportunity that could never again be completely closed. Woodward takes a much more pessimistic approach arguing, â€Å"The other (failure) is the ruins of Reconstruction, the North’s failure to solve the problem of the black peoples place in American life. â€Å" Foner’s argument is based on the immediate political and civil rights that the freedmen were given after the emancipation through the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, and how the mindset of the south was altered forever. N ew adjustments such as the Homestead Act of 1862 and many other social and political changes were grounds to label the Reconstruction Era a revolution.Foner believed although nearly every authority and right that the freedmen were given were eventually taken back after the Reconstruction finally ended in 1867, the mindset and the drastic changes that took place would stay with America throughout its history, and therefore was revolutionary. Woodward’s pessimistic response to America’s optimistic take on the Reconstruction being revolutionary was based on the idea that in the long run what actually was accomplished was not very influential.With the exception of the amendments that were established after the Civil War, the hope of the freedmen sharing equality with the whites was taken away after the Reconstruction, and therefore was a total failure. The South’s resistance against the freedmen gaining any sort of political or social power was stronger than the wil l of the North to help bring equality to the South and according to Woodward, denies Reconstruction being a failure because they were to headstrong to admit defeat. When looking back at the Reconstruction and asking whether or not it was evolutionary, one must consider the affect it had on the country once the period ended. The answer is, the Reconstruction had had little to no influence on society once it had come to a halt after the election of President Hayes in 1867, and therefore cannot be considered a revolution. When talking about a revolution, what is being considered is a drastic change in culture, politics, and social structure, and the Reconstruction does meet those requirements. Looking into what occurred during the Reconstruction, the only true accomplishments that won out were those that came from the resistance of the South.When Foner makes his attempt to sway the reader’s minds into following his argument that the Reconstruction was revolutionary, he fails to point out any substantial examples of the freedmen overcoming the resistance of the South without the help of the government. For example the Homestead Act of 1862 was enforced by the government to make available land to freedmen which belonged to former land owners, (many of which were former slave owners) however when the Homestead Act was put in place, only one-tenth of the land was distributed to new land owners.Other examples such as sharecropping were also non-substantial as it triggered a new labor system which consisted of land owners advertising work to immigrants and hiring them to work for low wages and rations of bacon and cornmeal, which was a similar the experiments in the West Indies with the â€Å"coolies. â€Å" How is forcing the freedmen and their families on the streets and living in poverty in anyway revolutionary? It was only until the government stepped in and put and end of what Foner called a, â€Å"New modification of the slave trade† that the free dmen even had an opportunity to work for wages on plantations.One can argue that this was a change in how the labor system worked, but can something so minute be considered revolutionary? Once the government refuted one attempt at resistance from the South, another emerged. In 1865 the Black Codes were established in all different states throughout the South. These codes limited what the black man was able to do for a living and gave no opportunity to own land, making the situation for freedmen similar to what it was before the emancipation.Other forms of resistance, such as the radical group Ku Klux Clan brought terror and destruction to the South. Radical Reconstruction groups did not match the will of the resistance and therefore Reconstruction did little good for the former slaves. Every attempt to make the former slaves equals to whites was not accomplished because the Resistance in the South would not allow it. Woodward says, â€Å"The failure of Reconstruction is to be expla ined by the lack of revolutionary measures. If the attempt of Reconstruction was more radical, there could possibly be an argument that it was revolutionary, but the truth is the counter-revolution was stronger than the actual revolution. People were scared for their lives, terror and anger filled the streets, and the South was not a safe environment for the freedmen and their families. In conclusion, the only real gain that the freedmen received during the Reconstruction were the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments that were added to the Constitution following the end of the Civil War.All other gains were taken back with the election of President Haynes in 1867, after he made a deal to end Reconstruction in the South if elected president. Now compare what was accomplished to the other revolutions in History, the American Revolution, which separated the United States from British authorities and the French Revolution, where the people physically overthrew their government and established a democracy. Those were drastic shifts in society that defined what a revolution is.The idea that Reconstructions was a revolution would be the side that says the government establishing three laws was a revolution. This is a very weak argument, especially when the amendments that were passed were not accepted by the majority of the South and therefore not practiced due to the radical’s response of violence and terror. Revolutions are drastic changes that affect the country forever, and the Reconstruction simply did not meet the requirements to even be considered a revolution. Bibliography : 1.Eric Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom in Nothing but Freedom: Emancipation and its Legacy† (Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press) 2. C. Vann Woodward. â€Å"Reconstruction: A Counterfactual Playback† (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1989) John Recchia Prof. Van Gosse U. S History II 9/20/10 ———————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom†, 10 [ 2 ]. Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom†, 10-11 [ 3 ]. Woodwars, â€Å"Reconstruction: A Counterfactual Playback†, 29 [ 4 ]. Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom†, 11-12