4 Reasons Chinese Companies Ipo in America Essay

Reasons Chinese Companies IPO in America Why do so many good Chinese companies go public in foreign markets rather than let domestic investors share in the profits of growth? Chinese investors often complain about why would â€Å"good companies†, like Tencent (0700. HK), Baidu (NASDAQ: BIDU) and Sina (NASDAQ: SINA), choose to list in the US and Hong Kong instead of on the Chinese A-shares market. There are four main reasons: 1. If a ‘Chinese’ company takes foreign investment using a VIE structure, it can only list abroad 2. Many companies don’t meet the strict financial standards for a Chinese listing 3. China’s listing process takes a long period of time and not very transparent, a torturous examination compared with America’s speedy registration 4. China’s regulatory agencies perpetually overregulate, rather than letting the market decide 1) If a ‘Chinese’ company takes foreign investment using a VIE structure, it can only list abroad The core reason is simple. These companies aren’t at all eligible to listed on the Chinese A-Shares Market, which restrict the overseas-funded enterprises severely. To receive foreign investment, a great number of Chinese companies set up a corporate structure called the  VIE or Sina structure, because some industries such as internet info & services and financial services are restricted or even prohibited in foreign-funded investment. This structure is especially common for technology companies that raise financing early and often, frequently from foreign investors. State-owned enterprises aside, most ‘Chinese’ companies in the US are not legally Chinese at all. They’re Cayman Islands, British Virgin Islands, etc. ompanies that control Chinese entities. Chinese regulators have raised the idea of allowing foreign companies to list on the A-Shares Market, but at present that’s still speculative. A worry for foreign investors is that the entire VIE structure, which largely serves to circumvent Chinese laws barring foreign ownership, has been  called into question  by Chinese regulators  in recent months. 2) M any companies don’t meet the strict financial standards for a Chinese listing In August 2005, when Baidu (NASDAQ: BIDU) listed in US, Chinese asked this very question. Let us review. Baidu didn’t reach profitability until 2003. When it went public, it had been profitable for just 2 years. The company’s profit was only $300,000 (2. 4 million RMB) in the quarter prior to its IPO. This is far from the minimum IPO criteria for the Chinese Small and Medium Cap A-Shares Market, where â€Å"net profit in the recent 3 fiscal years must be positive and the sum exceeds 30 million RMB; aggregate cash flow from operational activities in the recent 3 fiscal years exceeds 50 million RMB, or aggregate operating revenue in the recent 3 fiscal years exceeds 300 million RMB. Baidu didn’t even live up to the standards for listing on the Chinese Growth Enterprise Market: â€Å"Profitable for the previous 2 years, with aggregate net profits of not less than 10 million RMB and consistent growth† or â€Å"profitable in the previous year, with net profits of no less than 5 million RMB, revenues of no less than 50 million RMB, and a growth rate of revenues n o less than 30% over the last two years. † Nor may capital be less than 20 million in the year prior to the IPO. )  China’s listing process takes a long period of time and not very transparent, a  torturous  examination compared with America’s speedy registration Going public is like going through a round of torture. In the prolonged process of waiting for review, they have not only to be upset by countless uncertainties, but also incur high costs off the balance sheet. 4)  China’s regulatory agencies perpetually overregulate, rather than letting the market decide Chinese regulatory agencies are actually most concerned about investors. They fear that investors will buy low-quality stocks and they therefore spare no efforts to set up strict review processes for IPOs. They are also concerned about investors losing money in the secondary market and therefore set up â€Å"protection measures† like downward limits and upward limits and make adjustments to the â€Å"IPO rhythm† to stabilize the secondary market. But these ‘good intentions’ only end up leading everybody astray from the original  market intention. The quality of companies listed on the A-Shares Market is far from satisfactory, while most of the companies with the best growth potential and highest returns to investors list abroad. Moreover, the A-Shares Market remains one of the capital markets with the largest fluctuations in the world! The conclusion should be fairly simple: regulatory agencies should not and cannot be held responsible for a company’s quality through an IPO review. The operational risk of a company does not move in lock step with static indicators like financial data. Regulatory agencies should not and cannot be responsible for the luctuations in the secondary market. Fluctuations of the market can never be contained by up or downward limits, nor can the regulator effectively set the â€Å"IPO rhythm. † Chinese companies will continue to list abroad, despite sky-high A-Share Market valuations To be fair, under the elaborate care of regulatory agencies, A-Shares do have their own magic, that is, a super financing power. Especially in the fiery Growth Enterprise Market over the last year, PE ratios frequently shoot up to 100x. Every single listed company has been overjoyed to get more funds than planned. With such â€Å"stupid wealthy people† circumstances, will companies still want to list in foreign markets? I believe so. Again, there are many companies that will never meet the standards of the A-Shares Market. For growth companies that really desperately need funds, even the listing threshold of the Growth Companies that list abroad don’t have to worry that investors will criticize them for a broad definition of â€Å"misappropriation. † For them, going public is not just a one-time IPO sale, but also a sustainable financing platform. In Conclusion To sum up, the pre-IPO review and post-IPO trading have made A-Shares Market a different ecosystem from foreign markets. It is hard to say which is better. But companies themselves have preferences. Therefore, I don’t think fewer companies will list in foreign markets despite the high valuations of A-Shares. It’s hard to tell if â€Å"quality Chinese companies† will give A-Share investors a chance to invest. Article by Simon  Fong ( ),  Founder & President of Snowball Finance, iChinaStock’s parent company. The original Chinese article was published in the October edition of The Founder.

A wide range of technologies Essay

In this report I will describe a wide range of technologies used by John Smith. John was involved in a car accident 5 years ago where he lost the use of his legs and also injured his spinal cord. He has used a wheel chair ever since. He works as a lecturer at imperial university where he teaches science. This has been deeply traumatic towards his physical, social and working aspects of his life. I am going to find out what technologies he uses to get by in life and to decrease the hardships he faces with his disabilities and also to find out how he uses these technologies for his personal, social and working aspects of his life. John is known by all his colleagues and is very popular in his work place. He also goes out with friends in his workplace on social gatherings like clubs but this doesn’t often happen because of the trouble he has coping with his disability. Technology 1 – Work Related One technology that John uses for work is his eyegaze. An eyegaze is a communication and control system for people with complex disabilities it’s a response interface that tracks the eye allowing hands free computer operation. By looking at certain control keys a person can do almost anything e.g. turn his house light’s on and off, open certain doors in his house and use the internet. The eyegaze is an excellent system used by many disabled people. John has an eyegaze computer system attached to his wheelchair. At his university he can monitor his students and use the interactive white board in his classroom to show his students pictures or set them question for class work. His eyegaze can also connect to his printer wirelessly so that he can print out question that he has set his class for homework or revision sheets for their test. Advantages Advantages of an eyegaze are that it allows people with complex disabilities like spinal cord paralysis to surf the net and do day-to-day tasks that would normally have been impossible in their current state of wellbeing. The eyegaze allows them to do their work and play games that they would normally have been unable to do due to the fact that they would not have been able to reach the keyboard with their disability. The eyegaze allows them to surf the net, keep in touch with others around the world and have video conferences. Disadvantages The eyegaze has many disadvantages is that it’s harder to use then a normal keyboard as it track you’re eye if you make the slightest twitch it will follow and go onto what you looked at. It is very difficult to use as it will follow every move you eye make and the slightest twitch could change the page or delete the sentence you were on. It could also turn off the lights when you want them on or shut a door you want open. Eyegazes are also very expensive and if they break down it take along time to replace because only a small minority of business produce the technology also the technology needs to shipped from other countries and that takes a lot of time. How the technology meets the Needs of the adult in a work related environment: To John his eyegaze is a great comfort as he needs to mark his class’s work and as he is disabled it would take along time with normal pen and paper so his students send it to him by email. He uses a special program which allows him by using his voice to mark their work and send it back to them on by one. His eyegaze allows him to do this without putting a great strain on his back whereas using a keyboard and mouse would have put a great strain on his spinal cord and caused him a great deal of pain. His eyegaze is very useful to him in work related situations as it allows him to go throw his work and lecture note quickly without any strain or pain on his back. WHAT WOULD HE DO WITHOUT THIS PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Without his eyegaze John wouldn’t be able to monitor his students in class or set them work by email. Also he would have to use a normal mouse and keyboard to monitor his constant stream of emails which he receives from students, his colleagues and his doctors and this would have been a constant strain on his back and would have put him in a lot of pain. He would also be unable to automatically turn on lights or open doors as his eyegaze is connected wirelessly to his house and allows him to control his environment. Technology 2 – Socially Related One technology that John uses in his personal life is his electronic wheelchair which allows him to move around anywhere without the hassle of pushing the wheels. His electronic wheelchair has a portable eyegaze computer connected to his electrical wheelchair allowing him to take his work with him on the go. He uses his electrical wheelchair in a number of personally related activities. Thanks to his electrical wheelchair he can move anywhere around his house and area without straining his back by having to manually push the wheels. Advantages Electrical wheelchairs have many advantages including because they’re battery powered there is no hassle of moving it instead you push the control stick forward and the wheels move of their own accord. This is excellent as John has spinal paralysis which means that he cannot use his back and if he had a manual wheelchair then someone else would have to push him around and John has told me that â€Å"I don’t like having people wait on me as I had difficulty coping with the realism that I cannot use my back or legs anymore†. Disadvantages An electrical wheelchair has many disadvantages like: it is dependant on batteries therefore it will not work if it has no charge. Another disadvantage is that it cannot be folded and be put into the boot of a car. It is also very heavy and it can be quite a nuisance when going up the university stairs as he needs his students help as the ramps are on the other side of campus and it would take him an hour to get from his car to the back to his lecture hall. His wheelchair is also very expensive and if it breaks down it will take along time to repair. How the technology meets the Needs of the adult in a socially related environment: For John his electric wheelchair is one the best pieces of technology he can use as it is fast and reliable and allows him to go everywhere without the hassle and strain of a normal manual wheelchair. It is also a great relief as his back is often in pain and thanks to the wheelchairs special cushions he can lie back and have the special in-built massagers take his backs pain away. WHAT WOULD HE DO WITHOUT THIS PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Without his wheelchair John would be unable to move around as efficiently as with his electric one. Also it would have put increased constant strain on his spinal cord and put him in a great deal of pain. He would be unable to take his work with him on the go as there would be no battery to connect the wires to. Without his electric wheelchair it would take him longer to go shopping or go anywhere else. Technology 3 – Personally Related Another piece of technology that John uses is his single fingered keyboard. The single fingered key board is a special type of keyboard which follows a new style of keyboard allowing the disabled person to be able to type on his/her computer without putting a lot of stress on themselves. Another definition for a single fingered keyboard is: The Maltron Single-handed keyboard is curved, with a single recess. It comes in left-handed and right-handed versions and is divided into four major blocks of keys: * 1 block for the fingers * 1 block for the thumb * 1 flat panel of keys to the side * 1 row of function keys along the top The keyboard has â€Å"push-on push-off† functions for the shift, control, and alt keys. The blocks for the fingers and thumb are mirror images of one another in the left-handed and right-handed versions (whereas the flat block and function key row are identical in both). Advantages There are a lot of advantages of a single-fingered keyboard like the fact that it doesn’t put a lot of strain on the individual using the keyboard. Another advantage is that the special shape and layout takes into account of the letters used in modern day typing. This is done to make the layout more efficient than a normal QWERTY keyboard and can save strain and unnecessary movement between keys. The user of this type of keyboard will find input than is ideal so it’s recommended that the user used a predictive word processor such as TEXTHELP or prototype to speed up entry and avoid frustration. Disadvantages Some disadvantages of using a single fingered keyboard is the fact that it’s very slow and takes long time to process a sentence you wrote and even longer for a paragraph. Also because of it’s design you’re hand may be to small to reach the buttons or too big and you may press the wrong button meaning that you would have to wait until the entire word or letter or sentence appeared before being able to change it. Needs of the adult in a personally related environment: John enjoys writing papers and articles for various scientific magazines. Thanks to his keyboard and software that increases the speed of appearance of words he can write fast without straining his back or being frustrated at the slowness of his keyboard. This piece of technology allows him to type fast as he is a fast single fingered typer and the keyboard allows him to do this without the fear of him injuring his back further. Without this technology John feels that he cannot have the same hands on affect to his work like so many of his colleagues. WHAT WOULD HE DO WITHOUT THIS PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY Without his technology John would have to use a Braille keyboard which in affect would have been more comfortable to use thanks to the special polymer which allows the user to type with his hands on the surface of the table but this would have injured John further as he cannot strain his back as that may prolong his recovery further. CONCLUSION In conclusion I feel that the technologies available to disabled people have been enhanced exponentionally as more people these day’s are concerned about the welfare of the disabled. This means that there is more awareness now than there was several years ago. The technology in our decade has also been enhanced therefore the development of newer, more practical technologies are easier to produce. The technologies in John’s life mean that he can now appreciate life and enjoy experiences like a normal, healthy person. However there is still room for improvement in the technologies in our life today. In the future we should expect life to become much better for the disabled as there has been much more research into how our body works so their may be development in flexible devices for the disabled.

MLA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MLA - Research Paper Example Skin cancer, also known as skin neoplasia, refers to â€Å"the uncontrolled growth of unusual skin cells that can extend from the skin into other tissues and organs if left unchecked† (A.D.A.M, 1). As the cells replicate, they form a tumor. Frequently, skin tumors are referred to as lesions. If tumors are malignant, they become cancerous, which means that they intrude on and invade neighboring tissues owing to their unrestrained growth. They may also spread to the body’s remote organs either through the bloodstream or through the lymphatic system. Metastasis is a term that refers to â€Å"the process in which tumors invade a body organ and spread to other body organs† (Emedicinehealth.com 1) – they invade the neighboring tissues and overwhelm them not only by taking their space but also the oxygen and nutrients that they require to survive as well as function. Rockoff documents that skin cancer is the most common form of human cancer and that estimates hav e it that over one million new cases arise every year. He additionally asserts that annually, the rates of all forms of skin cancer are mounting, which has instigated a mounting public concern. Estimates also have it that almost half of all Americans who live to age 65 get skin cancer no less than once. Skin cancer classification depends on the particular types of epidermal cells involved. The various skin cancer categories therefore include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma/basal cell carcinoma epithelioma and squamous cell carcinoma. Melanoma takes place in melanocytes – the cells that produce pigment. Although this cancer type is not so common, it is the most dangerous as it tends to metastasize (spread) all over the body quickly. It is the principal cause of skin disease death. The basal cell carcinoma/basal cell carcinoma epithelioma develops when there is abnormal cell growth in epidermis’ lowest layer while the squamous cell carcinoma occurs due to changes in the s quamous cells, which are found in the middle layer of the epidermis (A.D.A.M., 4). Rockoff asserts, â€Å"The first phase of squamous cell carcinoma is called actinic keratosis† (para1). Further, he explains that the last two cancer types are the common-most forms of cancer and are both known as nonmelanoma skin cancer. Other nonmelanoma skin cancers include kaposi's sarcoma, merkel cell carcinoma and cutaneous lymphoma (A.D.A.M., para4). The American Cancer Society documents that â€Å"most cases of nonmelanoma skin cancers occurs on body areas that are mostly exposed to the sun, which include the backs of hands, face, ear, lips and neck†. In addition, depending on the type, they can be slow or fast growing. However, they barely ever spread to other parts of the body. It is important to note that these forms of cancer in particular are very likely to be healed in case of early identification and treatment. Risk factors of Skin Cancer There are various recognized risk factors for skin cancer. Some of them include exposure to the sun and sunburn – as earlier pointed out; areas of the skin that are often exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation are more prone to skin cancer. â€Å"This is deemed the primary cause of all skin cancers† (A.D.A.M., 5). Other causes include light-colored skin, hair and eyes (fair complexion); genetics (having a family history of melanoma); atypical/multiple moles; occupational exposures to radium, coal tar, pitch, arsenic compounds or creosote; in addition to age – nonmelanoma skin

BUS Unit 4 DB SA FWP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUS Unit 4 DB SA FWP - Essay Example India was the founding member of the GATT i.e. the world trade organization in 1947 as well as WTO i.e. World Trade Organization in 1995 and the main objective was to decrease the barriers of international trade through the decrease of tariffs, quotas plus subsidies (Krueger, 2002). The drift in Indian economic trade policy is a response to the spaghetti bowl effect which is often cited as a problematic of free trade agreements. It refers to the development of overlapping bilateral as well as regional trade agreements (Mukherji, 2011). Nevertheless the average tariffs overdid 200 percent, quantifiable restrictions on imports were widespread, as well as there were stringent restrictions on foreign investment (Mukherji, 2011). India is pushing for extra liberal global trade since protective tariff and of free trade is the foundation of classical economics, it has anticipated a leadership role amongst developing nations (Krueger, 2002). An analysis of trade restrictions in Saudi Arabia displays that various restrictions besides challenges regarding regulatory and bureaucratic management in this country occurs up to now (House K, 2013). It is true that Saudi Arabia is a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Greater Arab Free Trade Area GAFTA, it is an executive program to stimulate the Trade Facilitation as well as Development Agreement (House K, 2013). Import tariffs are only useful for products from third countries. Saudi Arabia also restricts or prohibits importation of certain products and needs licenses for products too. Prohibited items are for example firearms as well as alcohol (House K, 2013). Some examples for products that need licenses from Saudi Arabian authorities are medical devices and religious material that does not relate to Islam (House K, 2013). The procedure for applying for a license can be long-lasting and poses a test for applying in companies. Restrictions that apply to the exercise of certain professions

Evolution of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evolution of Art - Essay Example The Early Renaissance, spanning the 15th century, marked an era of broad cultural achievement as a result of renewed interest in the Classical Greek and Roman ideas. The Renaissance revived ancient forms and content, and the spiritual content of paintings changed from devotional to classically humanized. Classical artists, like Donatello, Verrocchio and Botticelli, introduced principles like realistic expression, harmonious proportion, and rational postures in their work. High Renaissance, which marked the climax of Renaissance art, is considered a natural evolution of Humanism. Art reached its peak of technical competence, rich artistic imagination and heroic composition. Characteristically, Renaissance Classicism was a form of art that removed the extraneous detail and showed the world as it was. The titans of this era included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael Sanzio. However, in Late Renaissance, a technique named Mannerism became widely prominent. The art of Mannerism , contrary to that of the High Renaissance, was full of clashing colours, disquieting figures with abnormally elongated limbs, and often torturous-looking emotions and bizarre themes. The Renaissance movement in Europe was soon followed by the Baroque period, which brought in a style that struck a perfect balance between the graphic and the pictori

CJ403 Final Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CJ403 Final - Research Paper Example In this paper, the author examines the Enron Corporation scandal by looking at some ethical principles and theories. By using such frameworks, it is hoped that a deeper analysis of business practices can be arrived at, one that clearly outlines the need for asking pertinent questions about moral conduct in a sector of society that is undeniably susceptible to unethical behavior. The Enron Corporation initiated various corporate means that, at the time, were seen as bold and perhaps even revolutionary. This was especially true when Jeffrey Skilling, former Enron CEO, came on board upon impressing founder and deregulation advocate, Kenneth Lay, with his consultancy capabilities. Prior to the Skilling phase of the company, Enron’s traders had been gambling without restraint using company funds, but with the knowledge of Kenneth Lay. Even with investigations and reports of misappropriation of funds, Lay intimated to traders to further continue generating money for the company. However, as is the nature of â€Å"gambling†, luck is bound to change. Enron’s traders soon gambled all of the company’s reserves. Nevertheless, the company survived and went on to employ Skilling. It was Skilling’s idea to utilize mark to market accounting, that is, the use of future projections to book earnings on deals that actually never made anythin g. This idea essentially opened up the company to unscrupulous practices, paving the way for fraudulent profit reports. Enron was also one of the first companies to form what they called, a Performance Review Committee, whose job it was to ensure that all employees were delivering the results that the company expected from them. This had the effect of pressuring employees to perform well, but had the unsavory consequence of pushing employees to adopt and utilize â€Å"less than ethical† conduct. By positioning itself as a kind of energy broker, Enron put up a number of businesses that, in reality,

Journal about Religion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal about Religion - Assignment Example These religions contribute to creation and maintenance of peace among people. They also help to instil and shape the moral aspects of human beings by teaching people how to behave in the society. People can identify what is bad and good or wrong and right through religious teachings. For instance, through religious teachings, a child grows up knowing that stealing is wrong and helping others is right. Therefore, the religion helps to shape up the behaviors of people by promoting morality and righteousness in life (Haight 123). Most of the religions in the world support peace. However, wars and violence historically and presently seem to transpire in the name of religion. Most armed conflicts and wars are undertaken for religious reasons. Religious components contribute either directly or indirectly to armed as well as inter-ethnic conflicts. For instance, Muslims and Christians have lived their life-fighting due to religious differences. Some Muslims fanatics, particularly in the country of Somalia, execute Christians unnecessarily (Williams

Teaching and Learning Approaches and Strategies in STEM Education Research Paper

Teaching and Learning Approaches and Strategies in STEM Education - Research Paper Example The author further points out that it separates from other subjects with an objective of increasing the interests of students in one particular field. Over the years, schools in the United States have recorded a minimal number of students enrolled to take courses in STEM education. The educational trend is visible from the lower level education institutions. From high school, the situation becomes worse as students tend to drop their participation in the STEM subjects. In college and universities the number of graduates in science and technical subject has also decreased significantly. From the trend, the state realized there is a gap in the modern educational system. For instance, the job market becomes unbalanced since the number of students with business skills outmatches the numbers of students with science and technical skills. This attributes to issue such as shortage of health care workers. For this reason, the state created a STEM education system that increases the awareness of science and technical awareness among students (Asghar et.al, 2012). However, the educations system could not be of importance if the students’ attitude towards the subject was not altered. Venville, Rennie & Wallace (2004) are of the assumption that the negative perception of the students towards science and technical subjects minimized their participation. For this reason, the STEM education system should develop a way that the students’ perception could be changed. One major requirement was to change the approach used in the curriculum. The curriculum on STEM subjects was not interesting enough to capture the attention of students. Economics and Statistics Administration (2011) points out that the learning approaches used in STEM subjects aim at increasing the interest of students. Tutors were also not provided with the required expertise to explore the fun parts of STEM subjects. Another hindrance to effective learning of

Choosing hardware and input devices Essay Example for Free

Choosing hardware and input devices Essay Microsoft Publisher Microsoft Word Paint Internet Explorer This table shows all the applications I used to complete my coursework Name of Application Price Main Functions Advantages Disadvantages Microsoft Publisher i 49. 99 The main function of Microsoft publisher is to create websites, documents, cards, almost everything ETC. It is easy to create these kinds of things with Microsoft publisher. It is very easy to create websites cards etc. It takes a very long time to install on the computer. It runs in a very fast speed so it doesnt need time to load up. It can be very confusing and you need to know how to use it. It has so many design options, about over 1,000 professionally designed templates. You cant make very precise layouts because it doesnt have the precise tools. Microsoft Word i 49. 99 The main function of Microsoft office word is to create and also edit text, graphics in letters, reports, and web pages and also email messages. For this it has different functions like formatting text into different styles and formatting the font. Data can be imported from a spreadsheet to this so that a mail merge can be created. It is quite difficult to store data like Microsoft Access. If you get any mistakes it can be corrected so easily. Not everyone will be able to purchase it because it costs too much. The work can be saved so that it could be done at another time. If people start relying on the spell checker they might lose their spelling skills. Internet Explorer You dont need to purchase it because it is already installed on the operating software. The main function is that people have wide access to the information the want. The other function is that they can communicate, do a bit of shopping, and it can also be used for entertainment. Doesnt need to be purchased because its already installed on the operating software. Some information can be biased and inaccurate. Used for a lot of things E. G. Communication, shopping, gaming E. T. C Surfing the internet too much, can be addictive. It can be accessed by anyone in the world. Illegal sites always occur even if youre surfing the web carefully. Paint You dont need to purchase it because it is already installed on the operating software. The main function is to create drawings and to display scanned photos. The other function is to create pictures and diagrams. Doesnt need to be purchased because its already installed on the operating software. It cant store information in a table like Microsoft Access. You can draw logos, pictures E. T. C Older versions of it cannot open files that are from a newer version. It has a special image function which allows you to edit or change photos. It cannot type in text in different forms like Microsoft Office Word. Alternatives This table show the alternatives of the table above Name of Application Alternative Application The way it works Advantages Disadvantage Difference it would make if I used it Microsoft Publisher Adobe Dreamweaver The main function of Adobe Dreamweaver is to create mainly websites but other things can be made such as cards, magazines etc. Websites can be made much more accurately and much more precise than Microsoft word. It is much more expensive than Microsoft word so it cant be purchased by everyone. The main difference it makes is that I would be able to work more accurately and create better websites. However it is more complicated than Microsoft publisher so it will be hard to use. Website designers can make changes to the design of a website simply by editing the Dream Weaver template files. It is much more complicated than Microsoft word so itll be hard to use. Simple and complex websites can be designed using a point and click method. It takes much longer to install. Microsoft Word Open Office Writer The main function of is to create and edit text, reports, and web pages and email messages. For this it has different functions like formatting text into different styles. The wizard makes it easier for new beginners to use. The wizards appear too much which is distractible. The main difference is that I would be able to create and edit text, reports, web ages and email messages easier and much more accurate. It can connect to any existing database. It is less popular than Microsoft Office Access so not many people use it. You dont have do buy this but you can get it for free. For some people this could be hard to use because of the extra functions. Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox The main function is that people have wide access to the information the want. The other function is that they can communicate, do a bit of shopping, and it can also be used for entertainment. It is much quicker and faster than internet explorer. It is not supported by a small proportion of web sites. The main difference is that I would be able to gather information and surf the net much quicker than internet explorer. It has more security on it because it doesnt let pop ups through at all. With Mozilla Firefox some websites do not display properly. It has more design and looks better than Internet Explorer. Fire fox has to be bought separately if it is to be installed in the computer. Paint Paint. net It works in the same way as paint. But this has extra special features and they work by having a user interface which can automatically know something new directly. There are different versions for different operating softwares. People could get wrong versions and so they wouldnt work and they would have to buy new ones. The main difference is that I will be able to get help from the online forums If I did not no how to use it. Also if I make a mistake and I realise after a bit, then I will be able to go to that mistake because there is unlimited undos. It has online forums which makes it easy for members to get help from users. Some people wont understand it because it looks very complicated. There is an unlimited amount of pressing undo. It doesnt come supplied with computers from before so you have to buy it. Microsoft Publisher It is used for creating mainly websites. Microsoft Word It is used for typing in any kind of information. Internet Explorer It is used for getting information. Ismail Bismillah Paint It is used for creating pictures, drawings, logo E. T. C Input These are the input devices I used to make my work easy. Device Speed Errors that can be made Way to correct errors Keyboard The speed of the keyboard is measured in form of words per minute. It depends if you are a fast typist or a slow one. Many errors can be done whilst typing. For example, when youre typing very quickly, you can press the wrong key which will change the spelling of a word. Also when youre typing numbers you can make mistakes. E. g. if you want to type in 786 and your in a rush you can make mistakes like pressing the wrong numbers. (768) The way to correct these errors is to type a lot and you will get use to it so much that you wont get any mistakes. Another easier method is to click on tools then click on spelling and grammar. This will show you all the mistakes and you can easily correct it later. Mouse The speed of the mouse also is measured in the similar way. (Clicks per minute) It depends if you are fast or slow on using the mouse. Many errors can also be made whilst using the mouse. The main error that can be made is that when you are in a rush, you can easily click on something wrong which will take you to a different place. Also the mouse can easily slip when youre moving it. The way to correct these errors is to use a mouse pad which is especially designed/made for mice. Another way to correct this error is to use the mouse a bit slower and not in a rush. Scanner The speed of the scanner depends on how much data is being scanned. It also depends on what type of scanner it is. Errors can be made using the scanner as well. The main error that can be made is that the paper can be put the wrong way (upside down). Also the paper can sometimes be inserted half way inside. The way to correct these errors is to check carefully which way the paper should be put in. Also the paper should be put in straight and not bent. Keyboard I detected errors in my work by using the spelling and grammar checker to check any spelling mistakes and any punctuation mistakes. To correct the errors in my work I would use the proof reader to correct mistakes that are done in my work. To prevent errors from happening, I typed a bit slower and much more carefully and I carried on looking at the screen to see if there were any mistakes I made. Mouse I detected errors in my work by checking manually if I made any clicking mistakes. To correct the errors in my work I would check manually and make sure that I would click the right thing if something unwanted had been clicked by going back and clicking the right thing. To prevent errors from happening in my work I would make sure that I would buy a mouse pad so that the mouse doesnt slip and so the wrong thing doesnt be clicked. Scanner I detected errors in my work by checking manually if all the information has been scanned and also that it is the right way round but not upside down. To correct the errors in my work I would check manually and make sure that if the data is scanned upside down than I would delete that data and I would than scan the data again by moving the data on the scanner the other way round. To prevent errors from happening in my work I would make sure that the data is the right way round in the first place and also make sure that no part of it is covered up. Effects of Inaccurate Data Inaccurate data will affect the system in many ways. Data Effect Way it can be prevented Spelling mistakes (website). If spelling mistakes are made then wrong information might be given out and also the customers will think this agency is not a professional one. To prevent this I spell checker can be used. I can also tell someone to go through it and look at my mistakes. Hyperlinks not linked correctly If hyperlinks are not linked properly then the business will become low because when you click on the link itll send you somewhere else or not take you anywhere. This can be prevented by checking the hyperlinks properly and making sure there are no mistakes. Also makes sure checking takes place before advertising. Not changing the colour of hyperlinks If hyperlinks do not change colour then the customer will not no which site he has been to so he will go on that website repeatedly. The way this can be sorted out is that when a customer clicks on the hyper link then it should change colour so the customer does not go on it repeatedly. The best way to stop all the problems is to keep on checking if you have made mistakes. This way all your mistakes will be sorted out. And there wont be any inaccurate data Validation Validation is to make sure that data which is being entered should be reasonable and allowable meaning that it is something possible but it doesnt have to be correct. There are a few different types of validations to help reduce the number of errors made by a user: Type check, range check, picture or format check, check digit, field length checks etc. Verification The validation can be used to make sure that when a user types data in the computer and if there are any errors made in the typing then they are reduced. For example if a database was going to be made with mistakes like if a 1993 date of birth was typed and was not true, the computer will not take it as an error if was programmed to let in anything between 1990 and1994. So the results would be incorrect and full of mistakes. This could also be known as Garbage In, Garbage out (GIGO). So that is why validations are important to help make sure that the user knows if there are any errors that have been made when typing data into the computer but it does not help in telling if the data is true or false. Output This table shows the outputs I used. Device Type The way it works Advantages Disadvantages Best place to use it Printers Laser A mirror reflects a beam of laser, and then lays them. A toner is then sprayed onto it. A paper is now pressed onto the toner and is slightly heated so that it sticks firmly on the paper. It prints out very quickly compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers It is the most expensive printer especially the colour lasers. The best place to use this laser printer is an office because an office requires a large amount of papers printed in small amount of time and with less noise as possible. It prints out very fast compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers Because it is so big it takes up more space than ink-jet printers. It has a high quality compared to ink-jet and dot-matrix printers It is very expensive to repair because of the complex parts inside.

Understanding Child and Young Person Development Essay Example for Free

Understanding Child and Young Person Development Essay 1.Fill in the development chart located at the back of this workbook :- †¢An explanation of the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 years. †¢An explanation of the difference between :- †¢The sequence of and rate of development. †¢Why this difference is important. See separate developments stages chart. Read more: Explain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of external factors essay 2.Write an explanation of how children and young people’s development is influenced by :- †¢A range of external factors. †¢A range of personal factors. †¢An explanation of how current practice is influenced by:- †¢Theories of development. †¢Frameworks to support development A range of external and personal factors that influences development There are many different factors that affect children’s development. These include: Gender, health, family, environment, psychological, behavioural and social and economic. Gender There is a lot of discrimination about gender and what people expect that gender to be associated with and be doing. For example people would discriminate a boy in thinking they would want to play with cars and some parents wouldn’t want their son to be playing with ‘girl toys’ for example dolls. This can impact a child’s emotional development as they may get upset if they can’t play with certain toys. Boys are usually stereotyped into being encouraged to play ball games this is because they tend to have more co-ordination. The negative impacts of this are that you would end up having girls and boys playing at different ends of the nursery. Although the positive impacts of this are that it will encourage eye foot co-ordination whilst playing ball games. This can help develop a boy’s physical development – gross motor skills. Girls tend to have better fine manipulative skills from playing with beads etc. This can help develop their physical development – fine motor skills. Health Children with serious illnesses and genetic diseases tend to look and act different to other children and they pick up on this fact. This may affect them joining in with certain activities as they may be incapable to do it for example if they are physically unable to do P.E they won’t take part. They may also lack in socialisation skills and may not be able to make friends as easy as many other children. Some children may not want to play with them as they look and act differently to them self. If their illness or disease means they need time of school to visit the hospital and if they are simply not well enough to come in this will mean they will miss out on a lot of education and socialising with other children. Family Depending on what type of family a child comes from can have a big impact on how developed they are in most areas of development. For example a child from a better well off family may have more resources at home and have a better environment to learn in from home. With a big family a child would have lots of support and would always have someone to be able to read with them and help them with homework sheets and practice writing. This can have a big help in their intellectual development as they have always got support they need and help from the whole family. They can also develop their social development from coming from a big family as they are used to be around a lot of people and have been encouraged too interact with other children and adults. There are many different types of families. These are: Extended family an extended family is a family with other relations for example uncles, aunties and grandparents. This could benefit your child’s intellectual development as t hey will have lots of support and help from extended family for example aunties and uncles. They will always have someone to encourage them to try and succeed in crawling, walking etc. Drawbacks of this are that the house may be crowded and extended family like grandparents may end up looking after ill siblings. They may also have different parenting ideas and this can affect a child’s emotional and intellectual development as they’re being told to do two different things. Nomadic family – a nomadic family is a family who travel around and don’t stay in one place for a long amount of time. This could effect their intellectual and social development as they would never get used to one school and because of all the moving around different schools would have their curriculum set out differently so they may have already done the subject in a previous school. Single parent family – a single parent family is when your parent’s aren’t together anymore or you don’t know one of your parents and you live at home with one parent. This may affect your child’s social development as they wouldn’t have a mother or father role model in their life and may find it hard to adjust with some situations as they’ve been brought up by one parent and so may have missed out on interaction with a male or female figure. If one parent had left recently in their life this may have affected them emotionally and would struggle in their development for a while until they got more used to them not being there anymore. Nuclear family – a nuclear family is 2 parents living with their 2 children. This can benefit a child’s intellectual development as they will have 2 supporting parents who are still together and siblings who can develop all areas of development faster than they would usual develop. An example being – with an older sibling they can encourage your child to do things for themselves and develop socially from always being around them. Re-constituted family a re-constituted family is when parents have split up and re married so a child has a step mom and dad. This may affect their development as the spilt of the parents may have affected them emotionally and their development may be slowed down. They also may not like their new step mom and dad which could cause lots of problems and they won’t want to visit them anymore. This may affect their emotional development as they may be worried about having to go and see them and so won’t be concentrated on work which could affect them intellectually. There are also positive impacts of this though because with step family they will have a lot more support and will always have someone to read to them. This will encourage their intellectual development. The role and responsibilities of the parents is to care for their child and look after them. Provide them with shelter, warmth, food and love so they are emotionally developed. These factors are all important for your child’s physical needs as they need warmth and food to keep them going and growing. Their physical needs need to be met before any other stage of development can take place. Environment Housing is very important as where a child lives can affect majorly how well developed they are. If a child lives in a bigger house then they have more space and most probably their own room. This gives them their own space and gives them time alone to concentrate and relax in, this can help their emotional development as if they ever had a tantrum or was angry or upset they would have their own room to go and calm down in. Having a big house could also mean they therefore have a big garden and this plays a massive part in developing your child physically and socially. This is because having their own outdoor space and being able to run around whenever they like will help them develop physically. They are also able to have friends round to play in the garden; this will help them develop socially. Where as if a child lives in a small house they might have to share a room and this would affect their intellectual development not being able to do some work on their own and have somewhere they can concentrate. They might not have a garden and this would affect their physical development in not being able to run around in their own garden. It would also affect their social as they wouldn’t be able to have friends back to come and play in the garden. Although positive impacts of having a small house and no garden are that they would be out a lot more and would have a lot of fresh air and socialising with friends at a near by park. Where a child lives does affect their development because by living near town they are able to meet friends and socialise and also most importantly be able to get to the library and other useful facilities easily. This therefore benefits their intellectual and social development as they are able to get to the library and be around books and maybe even hire new ones out. They are able to go places easily with their family and socialise, maybe even meet up with their friend and their family and go out somewhere nice in the town for example a coffee shop or restaurant. A positive impact of living in a rural area is that there is less pollution and more space for pets and fresh air. Psychological Children find it really easy to make strong attachments to carers or teachers whom they spend quite a lot of time with, this can affect their emotional development as they may refuse to do things without that certain carer being there. If this is not stopped at an early stage it may be long-lasting and this could cause problems when arriving and leaving them. Children are very capable of making multiple attachments to other people at their nursery or just people they see often and their emotional well being is catered for which in most cases is. Parents play a massive role in a child’s life; factors that may affect their emotional and social development are homosexual parents and lone parents because these children may lack in role models and may have been brought up with different moral values. Security in a child’s environment is very important because it’s what makes the child feel safe and secure in their own environment with their family. Children often feel the need to attention seek for example: a child 6 years old who is a lonely child finds out his mother is pregnant and decides to start playing up acting younger than he actually is to get the attention he wants and needs of his mother that he’s so used to. Children suffer a lot from nightmares and this is all psychological and normally about a lack of understanding of something or a fear of something unusual. This could affect their intellectual development as they may be scared often and therefore not be able to concentrate on more important things. Night terrors play a big part in affecting a child’s intellectual development as if they have a fear or are very tired they are not going to be able to concentrate on their work as they have not sleep. Parent’s need to be very careful what they are letting their children watch on television as there are lots of adult programs that a child won’t understand and may have night terrors about or try to repeat it themselves. Children need to be comforted when they get settled down and after a night terror because they are very sensitive and need to feel loved and comforted by their parents. This can help their emotional development. With a large family or family with siblings there is always rivalry and jealously among each other especially if there’s a new baby and this can affect their emotional development as they are competing who can do better. Positive impacts about having siblings is they can help younger siblings read and encourage them to be able to do things for them self. Parent’s can never compare their child to other children as it can make them feel inadequate and not good about themselves. When there’s a new baby in the family its best to keep their older siblings involved with the entire baby’s routine so they don’t feel left out and can help out and feel needed and grown up about helping out. This will build their confidence up and they will want to experiment more doing new things and this will help their intellectual and social development. A child’s fears appear very real to them and sometimes older siblings feel the need to tell them stories which will scare them and which they won’t understand which doesn’t help a child’s emotional development and it could become a repeated thing which they have a fear of and may not want to go to bed. This could cause them to be very tired and may struggle getting up, it may also affect their intellectual development as when a child is tired they are not as capable as taking part in simple activities. Behavioural There are lots of factors which pay a big part on how a child behaves. Living conditions – if a child lives in a big house they have lots of space to play in but if a child lives in a small house they won’t be able to let out all their energy and so may let it out in anger. They will also be deprived from socialising with their friends who will affect their social development. Rest and sleep – every child needs their rest and sleep, it’s important for the brain and body to relax and be ready for the busy day ahead. So when deprived of rest and sleep they will be unable to work properly and so won’t be developing to the standard they should as they will be tired. This will affect their intellectual development. Diet – if a child consists of a very unhealthy diet of sweets and e numbers they will be very hyper active and this will cause very bad behaviour. This could impact their intellectual development as they may not be able to concentrate a t nursery or home and so won’t be learning or taking part in anything new. This will also impact on their social development as while at nursery if they misbehave and choose not to join other children may not want to play with them or be friends with them because of their behaviour. General health – if a child is mentally ill they may get frustrated if they can’t do something and this can cause bad behaviour. Some children with mental illnesses need a 1 to 1 support carer to help control their behaviour. This could help their intellectual development and social as they’re learning more and spending more 1 to 1 time with adults and learning about how you should act around children. Lifestyle – a child’s lifestyle and things that are going on around them play a big part on how they choose to act. An example of this is imitating bad behaviour at nursery because they are getting more attention than that certain child. This can affect their social development as other children may not want to get involved or play with them if they are misbehaving. Children often lie to get their own way and to get attention, other children then copy thinking that its right to blame it on other people and get them out of trouble. Children who lack se lf confidence tend to be the children who misbehave and don’t have respect for others this could be from the way they’ve been brought up. This affects their social development as other children who they aren’t very nice to are not going to want to play with them. Children like to feel superior to others and show this by changing their behaviour when in situations so they can get their own way and so their in control of the situation. This could affect other children’s social development as they may be blamed for things they haven’t done and may not want to be played with. They don’t care about any one else’s point of view, as long as they are right. Lying can cause lots of problems though as it can cause violence and effect their behaviour. This may affect their intellectual development as they may not want to take part in some activities. It also encourages others to do the same which isn’t very good as their intellectual development is being affected too then. Children have lots of different ways of showing aggression some of these are through violence, not listening, putting others down, disrespect, shouting or talking very loudly, biting hitting and throwing things and frowning and moaning. This impact a child’s social development as other children may not want to play with them. When a child is angry they are immediately not aloud to join in with the activity and they are therefore missing out on learning. Most children when behaving badly are doing it to get attention, attention seeking. Some children lie so they can get what they want, others just refuse to do the work and answer back. It’s all linked to the child’s insecurity so if they know someone is watching them they will deliberately play up for the attention. This affects a child’s intellectual development as most the time they would rather get attention than do any work at all. Social and economic In families who are in poverty, social exclusion or unemployed they find it hard to stay focused on their own and their children’s health and hygiene and sometimes might not be able to feed the children or wash them. This affects a child’s emotional development and well being as if they are not looked after properly and given all the love and care they need they won’t develop properly. They may also have problems at nursery and school as other children may not want to associate or play with them, this would impact on their social development. The social class that a child comes from can have a direct impact on their development, if they have come from a lower social class they may not be able to afford resources that the child needs for their intellectual development and will have no spare time to read with the child or even play. Lots of families are unemployed and this comes with many disadvantages as it could affect their health and expectations to others arou nd them. Depending on where you can afford live could affect what school your child goes to and can get into, this could affect their intellectual development as they may not be able to get into a good school that you’d possibly have to pay for to get into. In a lower social class they may not be able to afford holidays or after school clubs/hobbies for example swimming and horse riding, this could affect their social development. Parent’s who have to work long hours may neglect their children quite a lot without even noticing, all children need to be shown lots of love and care to help their emotional development and bonding. Families in a higher social class may be able to send their children to educational games, sports and clubs which will help their physical and intellectual development. They would also be able to afford family holidays in which they could spend a lot of time with their parent’s and other children which will help their social development. Theories of development. Current practice and knowledge of development is influenced by different theories, an example of a couple of different theories are below: Cognitive Jean Piaget Piaget’s research suggests there are three basic elements to a child’s development, these stages include: 1.Schemas – is the building blocks of knowledge children develop to help them problem solve 2.There are transitions a child may go through to, these processes help a child to move from one stage to another, the equilibrium, assimilation and accommodation 3.He then suggests there are four stages of learning the Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and the formal operational stage Piaget suggests the transition stages happen at different ages which are at 18months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years, he suggests that at these ages a child is more capable or learning new things and until that age they are not able to learn these new areas until they reach this age. He believes a child will learn at these stages from doing and trying things hands on. This is where there the foundation of the curriculum has come from. Lev Vygotsky Vygotsky takes a similar stance to Piaget whereby he suggests children learn from doing and trying thingss and being hands on. However he also believes it is important for the children to socialise with other children of different ages and adults as well as ensure children play and be active to help learn new things Humanist Abraham Maslow Manlow’s theory produced a hierarchy of needs, he suggests a child must be met to help the child develop and if these needs are not met the child might not meet there potential. Therefore when working with children we must consider the hierarch of needs to help the child meet there needs and in turn this will help them develop. Factors such as food, warmth, are cared for, encouragement and respect is some of the criteria Manslow says a child needs. It could be said a child centred approach follows Manslows theory. Social Learning/ Behaviourist Albert Bandhura Banduras theory suggests children learn from others, through copying and observing how others act, play and behave. Therefore saying it is vital a child has a positive role model to learn from. Burrhus Frederic Skinner Skinners theory looks at behaviour and how operant conditioning (reinforcement) which says that a child’s behaviour can be altered through reinforcement. He found that positive reinforcement such as praise when a child receives positive reinforcement they are likely to repeat the behaviour. Skinner found that if you respond to negative behaviour they are more likely to repeat the behaviour because they are getting attention but instead ignoring the behaviour of having a time out is more likely to prevent the child behaving negatively in that way again. Psychological Sigmund Freud Freuds theory suggests that you unconscious will communicate there thinking when they do something. For example when a child lies they will smile or put their hand over their mouths as if they are trying to hide the lie Frameworks to support development See EYMP 1 question 1 for information on the EYFS framework the main framework to support development. See CYP Core 3.6 question 6 for information on other frameworks to support development including the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) and the children’s services core assessment. 3.Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods. You may find it helpful to use work products to illustrate your answer e.g. child observations assessments frameworks. From observing children and young people you can determine how they are developing and whether they are behind for their age, observations will help identify this to help put measures in place to aid in there development. Through observations you can identify children’s strengths and weaknesses and therefore plan to help develop their weaknesses and build on their strengths. They will also identify the child’s likes and dislikes so activities can plan planned to expand their interests and doing something they like doing they are more likely to develop at a quicker rate than doing something they dislike as they won’t be as interested in the activity. Observations will also help us pass on information to parents to the child’s progress and update the child’s profiles and learning journeys. Child profiles and learning journeys are a good way to evidence the child’s development and monitor how they are developing. Also asking the parents about their thoughts on the child’s development at home Also see EYMP 1 question 1 for information on the EYFS framework which must be used to monitor, assess the child’s development and look at moving their development to the next stage. 4.Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern. There are many reasons why a child’s development may not follow the expected pattern. These include a range of external and personal factors that influences development sees question two of this assignment for more information about these factors and why they might impact on the development as this question explains the social, economic, lifestyle, health, gender, psychological, behaviour and environmental factors that could mean a child’s development may not follow the expected pattern. A child’s development may be at the expected level for their physical and social development but may be below the expected level of development in communication. So a child may not be behind in all areas. A child may catch up with some support or it may just take them a little time to catch up and do it by themselves, others may not be able to due to physical or learning disabilities or emotional damage. Factors that may mean a child’s development may not follow the expected pattern include: †¢The range of external and personal factors that influences development described in Question 2 of this assignment †¢Cultural beliefs, traditions and having English as a second language †¢A child not being stimulated and socialised †¢Over protective children †¢An older sibling in the family who does everything for the child and even speaks for them †¢Learning disabilities including dyspraxia and dyslexia 5.Explain how disability may affect development. See CYP Core 3.7 for part of this answer. There are different types of disabilities that may affect development these include physical or learning disabilities. This may mean a child’s development is delayed in all areas or just one or some of the areas of developments. This could be because of the disability, because the setting is not experienced or set up to cope with the disability and/or because the child is subjected to discrimination this in turn may mean the child will not settle into the setting, feel different and lower their self-esteem and confidence. As a consequence of this there development may be affected. The disability may make cause delays in development as they physically can’t do something or there brain does not process information as it should, therefore sometimes there is little to do to ensure they are developing as you would expect a child too, however there is always something that could be done to stimulate the child physically and mentally even if it will not help them develop furth er. For example physiotherapy for a child in a wheelchair to get them moving and/or reading to a child functioning at a far lower ability such as cerebral palsy. For example if a child has dyspraxia they brain processes things differently and often they are immature and fine it difficult to decide what to do and in working out how to do it. They may also struggle with language and think about things differently. Therefore a child may struggle in understanding questions and activities, socialising, communicating what they are thinking and affect their development. All of these things can affect the child’s developments. If dyspraxia is diagnosed earlier there is a chance you can minimise a child’s development being delayed too much as measures can be put in place to help them be accepted by others and other methods of learning could be used to reduce the delay in development. A physical disability could be the child is paralysed and confined to a wheelchair; therefore making some of the common physical activities done in setting would be difficult for the child in a wheelchair which could mean a delay in physical development. The setting should think of inclusive physical activates for everybody to join in. A child in a wheelchair may feel different, labelled, and not accepted therefore can become withdrawn and not engaging in activities therefore all areas if there development may be affected. However if the child does fit, they may thrive in other development areas such as communication, social skills and fine motor skills but may find the gross motor skills difficult or due to the disability may not be able to certain physical motions such as kicking. 6.Explain how different types of interventions can promote positive outcomes for children and young people where development is not following the expected pattern. See assignment EYMP 5 questions 5 and 6 in particular as well as information in the following assignments:, CYP Core 3.3 question 23, CYP Core 3.7 question 4, 8, EYMP 4 question 5. 7.Show an analysis that explains the importance of early identification of speech, language and communication delays and disorders and the potential risks of late recognition. See assignment EYMP 5 question 3 for this answer as well as CYP Core 3.7. 8.Explain how multiagency teams work together to support speech, language and communication. See EYMP 5 question 4, EYMP 1 question 7 and CYP Core 3.6 questions 1 and 2 and CYP Core 3.5. The majority of services who work in a multi agency approach work together in the same way for better outcomes for the child whether this be to support speech, language and communication or to support children in need with issues of neglect. Therefore the above assignments cross referenced are relevant to speech language and communication. 9.Explain how play and activities are used to support the development of speech, language and communication Supporting the development and speech of language and communication is important to help the children learn how to communicate in different ways, pronounce words correctly and widen their vocabulary. An effective way of doing this with children is through play and activities and they encourage children to get involved as children enjoy playing and participating in activities especially if they are made fun. Play and activities usually involves more than one person whether this be a child/children and/or adults this will get the child to socialise with others to improve their social skills and in turn help improve their speech, language and communication. Play and activities i would do with children to support their development include: †¢Role play this encourages imagination and using descriptive words and communicating with others and helps with listening skills and taking it in turn to speak †¢Music time – this helps them learn songs whilst doing movements and understanding what things mean such as ‘wind the bobbin up’ gets the children to point to the windows, doors and clap their hands. †¢Free play – gets children to talk to others; ask for help, have conversations with other children and it helps them hear others talk. †¢Afterschool time play – When the school children come to the setting for afterschool care they love to play with the children of early years age and the younger children respond really well to this and young can see them developing when they are with them. This play helps the younger children with their speech and how to construct sentences †¢Book use of books and flash cards to read and match words to pictures, to teach children sentences, listening skills, recognise words, repeat words and enhance their vocabulary †¢Vocabulary Teaching children colours, shapes, words and doing this as part of an activity and getting them to repeat the words and i would use the different words throughout all activities to help them remembers. This could be an activity such as an arts and crafts activity or through puzzles. Activities will make it fun and the children are more likely to participate and learn. †¢I give the children praise and make time to listen to them and encourage them to communicate. If they pronounce something wrong i do not tell them they are saying it wrong as i don’t want to knock their confidence but instead i just say the word after them correctly so they can hear how it should be said. 10.An explanation of how different types of transitions can affect children and young people’s development. See EYMP 5 question 5 and verbally in CYP Core 3.2 If the transition is a positive experience for the child they are more likely to settle in, be confident and therefore like being there which in turn will help them thrive in there development. Often when a child starts at a new setting it will take them a while to settle in as it can be a very stressful time for them this can often me there may be a slight delay in there development at the stage they are at or they regress and go backwards. However this is often short lived and when they settle into the setting they soon catch up. On some occasions they take longer to catch up or need extra support to help their development. Also when moving setting the children in the new setting may be at a different stage of development and of different ages therefore if a child or other children are behind in a particular area of development, this could have an impact on other children. This also works the other way round as the children may be ahead in development and encourage others around them to develop in areas at a quicker rate as they will learn from them. 11.Evaluate the effect on children and young people having positive relationships during periods of transitions. See assignment CYP Core 3.7 question 8, CYP Core 3.5 question 2 Positive relationships help reduce stress, help them feel more comfortable and stable. During the transition period the child will meet there key worker and spend time with them to help build up a bond with them so when starting at the setting they feel more secure and as the key worker will know the child’s likes and dislikes and will therefore when starting at the setting they will be doing things like which will help reduce stress and help settle them in. This in turn which reduce the risk of the child’s development suffering. With the parents/carers permission I help children with the transition from my setting to pre-school and/or school, to ensure the transition is smooth for the child and they form positive relationships I arrange with the setting to visit with the child a couple of times and meet there key worker to help prepare them for the transition. I also ensure that I am aware of the new settings routines so I can help them prepare the child for them.

Entrepreneurship And Its Wide Range Of Meanings Commerce Essay

Entrepreneurship And Its Wide Range Of Meanings Commerce Essay Entrepreneurship has a wide range of meanings. On the other hand an entrepreneur is a person who has a very high aptitude who pioneers change, possessing characteristics found in only a very small fraction of the population. Other definition, anyone who wants to work him or herself is considered to be an entrepreneur. The word entrepreneur is originated from the French entreprendre, which means to undertake. In business context, it means to start a business. The dictionary presents the definition of an entrepreneur as who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise. In the Schumpeters view of entrepreneurship who is an Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeters definition of entrepreneurship places an emphasis on innovation as the new product, new production methods, new markets, new forms of organization. Furthermore, wealth is created when such innovation result in new demand. From his point of view, One can define the function of the entrepreneur as one of combining various input factors in an innovative manner to generate the value of customer with the home that this value will exceed the cost of the input factors, thus it can generate the superior returns that result in the creation of wealth. In the context of, Entrepreneurship vs. Small business many people use the terms entrepreneur and small business owner synonymously. While they may have much in common, there are significant differences between the entrepreneurial venture and the small business. Entrepreneurial ventures are different from small businesses in these ways such as the Amount of wealth creation  which means, rather than simply generating an income stream that replaces traditional employment, a successful entrepreneurial venture creates substantial wealth, typically in excess of several million dollars of profit. Speed of wealth creation  which means, while a successful small business can generate several million dollars of profit over a lifetime, entrepreneurial wealth creation often is rapid, for example, within 5 years. Risk  which means, the risk of an entrepreneurial venture must be high or otherwise, with the incentive of sure profits many entrepreneurs would be pursuing the idea and the opport unity no longer would exist. Innovation which means entrepreneurship often involves substantial innovation beyond what a small business might exhibit. This innovation gives the venture the competitive advantage that results in wealth creation. The innovation may be in the product or service itself, or in the business processes used to deliver it. Background of the study / Problem statement. In discussing the challenges that entrepreneur face in this 21 st century, it is more helpful to divide them according to their age category or enterprise status. There are divided to 3 categories which is pre-entrepreneurs. This means, this being a probationer or transitional stage, the key challenge facing pre-entrepreneurs who are just starting out in life on their own is choosing what they want to do. White and Kenyon (2000) as warn that there is a danger in selling enterprise as the best option for everyone and forgetting that successful enterprise development begins with the initiative coming from young people themselves especially. Besides that, the challenges in facing the pre-entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs among them are the promotion of awareness of various career options and possibilities to start up a business. Young entrepreneurs especially womens in this category largely require awareness and understanding of what an enterprise is and what it takes to own and manage a business so that they can consider themselves as self-employment as a career option. As an entrepreneur they should decide whether explore further, or to start their own business, the second step is the provision of practical support services such as training, advice, access to finance. To start up a business for pre-entrepreneur it is likely to involve the few stages like, the Formative Stage which means, it is related to the various factors including environmental factors that can also influence the development to become an entrepreneur. At this stage, it is important to encourage young entrepreneur to acquire appropriate entrepreneurial skills, motivations, attitudes, attributes, behaviors, and values. Second stage is the, the Developmental Stage, which it is related more specific learning and targeted skill development that would prepare an individual to move to start-up a business venture. These are learning skills and strategic skills. Learning skills it is related to the ability of a person to acquire information, knowledge, and experience from the world around them that is relevant to their entrepreneurial success. And strategic skills relates to how a person sees the world around them, envisions what is desirable, and identifies entrepreneurial opportunitie s in the world around them. And the third stage is the Start-up Stage. In this stage it refers to the specific skills that are relevant for a successful entrepreneur who is looking to advance an entrepreneurial venture to a period of growth and expansion. These are tactical skills for start-up. Tactical skills are important to conceptualizing a business, developing a business plan and establishing a business. The start-up stage also requires access to credit or finance for youth entrepreneurs. Besides that there is also few types of entrepreneurs which is the Budding entrepreneurs. These is for the young people who are just starting to run their own business. The challenge facing these young person is to increase the rate of survival and success in new businesses .This also means that budding entrepreneurs have a different set of needs from those of pre-entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs. They also need to manage the expansion of their businesses, and this make theier needs are largely revolve around by learning and knowing the ,Tactical skills for Growth, these are skills that are important to move a business into a period of growth. They include business management, management of business finances, time management, stress management , improving sales, managing and reducing costs , marketing, recruitment by able to employ the right person at the right place, and risk management. Next is the Emergent entrepreneur, where the needs of emergent entrepreneurs who are aged 26 years and above and different from those of lower categories of youth proprietors. Many of the emergent entrepreneurs, especially those operating in low income markets, are likely to be running enterprises that are not growing, with only very few graduating to the formal sector. The major challenge facing these young adults is to transform their small business into commercial and competitive businesses. By doing that, they need to have few skill which involve the Tactical skills for Growth and transformation. By using these skills it recognizes the certain skills which are important for the entrepreneur to have, while others can employ. From the survey, I have found that these skills can be divided into two which is the skills one should have where it involves the interpersonal and team building and also involve leadership. Next is the skills one can employ, means is is more to specialized marketing, record keeping, and information management. Research objectives / Scope of studies. From the research that we are finding which is on the Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in Malaysia, is that we have found that in the 16 countries in Malaysia, most of the women entrepreneur came up from their own family business, where they took over from their parents or family. Some of the women entrepreneur also came up by doing small business like becoming a florist, bakery shops, and so on. Most of the entrepreneurs are educated and some are average having a SPM cert. Some women came up by having degree in Entrepreneurship progrmmes by scoring well and they somehow learnt about business by education. Compare to men, the challenges for women to come up as an entrepreneur is very hard because of many factors. For example, they family itself, they dun give support to them to open up a business and if it is a man the family would always give them way because he is man and they are the lead of the family. Whereas, women are mostly known as housewife in Malaysia. To become and entre preneur financial crisis might also occurs when a person dont have a business or any income background before for them to apply a loan in bank and so on. It is hard for them to start up a business without any modal in their hands. And next is, some womens who comes from an average family at times are lack with useful information to start up a business and how to manage a business. This could also be a challenge for them to try in a business. Some womans are also weak, by making a decision where before this they are more dependent to their husbands and it is hard for them now to make a decision in a big matters like bringing up the business to a level higher than before and so on. To examine these problems, research can be conducted by researches to find out the factors that are holding back the woman to becoming successful entrepreneurs. For example, the factors as said above it could be family factors or back ground, education level, and level of information about opening up a business for their future benefit. And it could also be , where women are afraid to make a decision in a matter or either they are not the risk taking persons. And the culture of certain individual could also be the factors. To identify the culture factors, we can see it in the Indian family especially, where some of the parents dont like the girls in the family doing big jobs like taking care of the shops or either they sometimes get married in the early age. This matter always happens in the low average family, this could also be the challenges or factors affecting the Malaysia entrepreneurs. Some of the woman is affected by the inner value of them also, where it is in born with them since small where the soft side of the women . For example, if there is a problem or issue occurs in a business, they dont know how to habdle it and they might give up easily without even making or coming up with a concrete reasons or decisions. To overcome all this problems , womens should start to learnt the meaning of business by starting or trying to start with small business like selling groceries, flowers, tit bits, cloths and so on. By learning with the small business, they could learnt about business how it works and when there is a problem occurs they know how to faced it. Some womens who are knowledgeable in this filed they some came up very fast for example there is few women entrepreneurs of small business nowadays. This could motivate many others to become an entrepreneurs.

A Magical Forest Essay -- Papers

A Magical Forest The sun is high above me and I walk into the forest in front of me, which I hear calling me. I hear birds chirping and twittering, singing a song. This makes me wonder about birds and where their songs come from. How ancient the song I am hearing really is. As I take a step into the forest, I notice at first the trees, stretching high above the ground, as if in competition with one another, to see who will reach the sky first. Their roots are long and strong, going deep under the ground, indicating that they have lived in the area for a long time, for centuries. As I look up, I notice first their leaves. Although they are green, they have a tinge of gold reflected in the sun making them bright and radiating their light around the forest. Looking down the tree, in the day of the forest, I can see a faint glow. I see that the colour of their thick, soft trunks is different from the common tree. They are silver, reminding me of the winter cold. The scent in the air is of the soil and the trees, and the flowers that grow in the fields and seep in from around the forest. The elfin, unusual flowers that grow within the forest can also be smelt. There is a pure scent in the air. Never smelt by a human in today's day and age, as there is too much pollution and chemicals in the air. I feel tempted to walk up to the tree and feel it. As I reach out my hand and stroke the trunk, I realize that it feels smooth as if I had been stroking a baby's cheek. The feeling is beautiful and relaxing. As I look down, I see flowers that I have never seen before. They have unusual colours, never seen before; taking on extraordinar... ...strength of love to enfold you. A love that will last within your heart and make you experience even the devils love. The whole feel of the changes in the forest and what I saw and smelt makes the experience rare and unique, and heavenly to feel. The taste that is left in your mouth from a fruit off one of those trees is sweet and warms up your insides leaving you happy and content. It fills you up and is a good replacement for both food and drink. If you walk into the forest in distress, you walk out of the forest in peace. As you enter the forest, you enter a morning of gold. As the night embraces the forest, you see a night of silver. That is where I wish to go. There, where all living beings are in peace and provide love for each other, like the stars that shine vibrantly in the sky, cheerful and welcoming. A Magical Forest Essay -- Papers A Magical Forest The sun is high above me and I walk into the forest in front of me, which I hear calling me. I hear birds chirping and twittering, singing a song. This makes me wonder about birds and where their songs come from. How ancient the song I am hearing really is. As I take a step into the forest, I notice at first the trees, stretching high above the ground, as if in competition with one another, to see who will reach the sky first. Their roots are long and strong, going deep under the ground, indicating that they have lived in the area for a long time, for centuries. As I look up, I notice first their leaves. Although they are green, they have a tinge of gold reflected in the sun making them bright and radiating their light around the forest. Looking down the tree, in the day of the forest, I can see a faint glow. I see that the colour of their thick, soft trunks is different from the common tree. They are silver, reminding me of the winter cold. The scent in the air is of the soil and the trees, and the flowers that grow in the fields and seep in from around the forest. The elfin, unusual flowers that grow within the forest can also be smelt. There is a pure scent in the air. Never smelt by a human in today's day and age, as there is too much pollution and chemicals in the air. I feel tempted to walk up to the tree and feel it. As I reach out my hand and stroke the trunk, I realize that it feels smooth as if I had been stroking a baby's cheek. The feeling is beautiful and relaxing. As I look down, I see flowers that I have never seen before. They have unusual colours, never seen before; taking on extraordinar... ...strength of love to enfold you. A love that will last within your heart and make you experience even the devils love. The whole feel of the changes in the forest and what I saw and smelt makes the experience rare and unique, and heavenly to feel. The taste that is left in your mouth from a fruit off one of those trees is sweet and warms up your insides leaving you happy and content. It fills you up and is a good replacement for both food and drink. If you walk into the forest in distress, you walk out of the forest in peace. As you enter the forest, you enter a morning of gold. As the night embraces the forest, you see a night of silver. That is where I wish to go. There, where all living beings are in peace and provide love for each other, like the stars that shine vibrantly in the sky, cheerful and welcoming.

The Effectiveness Of The Opening To Hamlet Essay example -- essays res

Hamlet is launched extremely well because there is no long drawn out introduction to the plot. The story begins almost immediately with a brief yet concise 5-scene Act entailing the state of affairs within the Court of Denmark. Each scene contributes to the overall exposition significantly and Act 1 effectively captures the interest of the audience, introduces the key characters, establishes the conflicts and creates and maintains the dominant atmosphere of the play. In Act 1 – Scene 1, the audience is instantly shocked into interest by the exchange of short, sharp speeches between the very nervous sentries of the castle. What follows is the audience’s discovery of the frequenting appearance of a Ghost and the sentries’ plans to have Horatio, a scholar, attempt to communicate with it. The setting for this scene is atop a castle, resting upon cliffs high above the ocean. It is midnight, creating a more sinister atmosphere, apt for following story and the medieval time period to which it is set. When the ghost finally appears to Horatio and the others, the audience discovers through their inferences that the ghost has a strong likeness to the late King Hamlet of Denmark. The conversation that follows gives the audience a brief understanding of the current situation in Denmark, involving the details of preparations for war and revelations of conflict with Fortinbras of Norway. Scene 1 therefore serves as part of a good exposition in that it: Captures the interest of the audience with the short stabs of nervous speech between the sentries, It introduces the characters of the Ghost, the sentries (Marcellus, Barnardo, Francesco) and Horatio, It establishes the situation with Fortinbras and the appearances of the mysterious Ghost as points of interest and future conflict, And it contributes through mood and setting to the dominant atmosphere of tragedy within the play. Scene 2 jumps to within the castle, where the court mourning for King Hamlet has seemingly just finished and the newly appointed King Claudius is apparently making his first address to his nobility. During this gallant speech, the audience becomes informed that Claudius has married Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, rather hastily after King Hamlet’s death – attention is then drawn to Hamlet, still in deep mourning for his father. He drifts into a soliloquy where he contemplates the act of suicide rat... ...escribes how the murder was performed and implies a plan for revenge to Hamlet involving the feigning of insanity. This scene serves as part of a good exposition in that it deeply captures the attention of the audience with the stunning revelations of Claudius’ deceit and betrayal of his own blood. The conformation that the ghost is Hamlet’s father is what first grabs the audience’s attention. The exposà © that follows ensures their captivation within the plot. The scene establishes the impending conflict that will occur between Hamlet and Claudius later on in the play, due to the light that the ghost has just thrown upon Claudius’ integrity. The scene contributes to the dominant tragic atmosphere in that there is the realisation that seeing as Hamlet is now on a quest for revenge, there is only one way in which it can end – death, which is tragic in itself, but made out to be more so in the play. Act 1 effectively captures the interest of the audience, introduces the key characters, establishes the conflicts and creates and maintains the dominant atmosphere of the play. Each of the 5 scenes contribute significantly to the overall exposition which launches the play extremely well.

Periodic Performance Review

Periodic Performance Review A Periodic Performance Review is a compliance evaluation instrument used to assist organizations with their ongoing observation of performance and routine development actions. The PPR is an outlines for constant standards compliance and concentrations on the direction and processes that affect patient safety and care. Noncompliant Trends The Joint Commission medical staff standards defines evaluation standards, the commission pushes hospitals toward unbiased and evidence-based decisions in credentialing and privileging. In this scenario the rules and policies are clearly mapped out, yet they are not being properly followed. The verbal order audit results seem to have no consistency. These standards now outdate a lot of hospital policies and practices prevailing equally internal and external peer review, and call for a comprehensive revision to comply with Joint Commission performance evaluations. The month of March is the highest, while August is the lowest month. The months in between were about the same from eighty-two to eighty-eight. The issue that needs to be address is what took place between March and August. After carefully looking over the charts provided for both 3 & 4-east, there isn't a huge indicator that supports the similarity for falls vs. nursing care hours per patient. November and April were the only two months that a noticeable improvement was made, meaning the nursing hours increased and the falls decreased. Although, the very next month the falls increased drastically, it went from two to eleven falls, while only one hour was increased. Staffing Patterns The safety and quality of patient care is honestly correlated to the size and experience of the staff. These working conditions have deteriorated in this facility because the hospitals have not kept up with the growing demand for medical staff. The Joint Commission along with some state regulations measures some bare minimum level of staffing that all hospitals must meet regardless of the types and severity of patients. Pressure ulcer prevalence vs. nursing care hours was more of a parallel comparison, as the staffing hours increased the pressure ulcer prevalence decreased. While the intensive care unit was very noticeable in relating the falls vs. ours. In September when the nursing hours per patients dropped it was evident that the number of patient falls increased and they came was with VAP vs. hours. The corrective action plan should take this data into consideration to improve the staffing model, to also decrease patient falls which was be shown through this root cause analysis. The hospital requires at least one fire drill per shift per quarter. It seems that only the 1st shift is in compliance. Both the 2nd and 3rd shift have no rhyme or rhythm to how they are conducting the fire drills. This needs to be address immediately by a member of management. Also, a manager or assistant should be required for scheduling the fire drill and must sign off on completion. Moderate Sedation Monthly Audit is overall in the ninety percentile there are still many areas for improvement. Any of the area that was below the ninety marks is an area for opportunity. Such as Mallampati Classification, ASA, Sedation Plan. Reassessment, and oxygen saturation monitored for thirty minutes, all of these area were below ninety percent for all for quarters. Therefore, it’s a trend that needs to be addressed. The number of falls in the 4-East wings is disturbing when it’s put next to the targeted number, this is unacceptable. A substitute process that has the possibility to improve staffing issues and improve payment to hospitals would be to frankly connect the costs and billing for inpatient health care with hospital reimbursement. The action plan needs to provide that appropriate equilibrium and to make sure that the correct nurse is providing the right care to every one of the patients. Staffing Plan There are two sides to the staffing issues. One side would be the nurses point to confirmation linking quality patient care to higher nurse-to-patient staffing ratios. While the other side would be hospital economic teams are being asked to discover ways to improve manage costs in expectation of declining expenditure under health development. The argument is not new. Nursing and financial management have had long debates on how to staff efficiently and make certain the right number/mix of nurses to meet patient needs. An action plan needs to be put into place and monitored extremely closely by a member of management. There is no reason why they actually and targeted number are so off track. A patient care assistant should be there to assist patients with movements, especially for those patients who have a history of falls or injuries. Reviewing the overall hospital falls and injuries I noticed that it’s closer to the targeted number, but there are still many areas for development. The suggestion is that hospital must address conflict of interest when credentialing, privileging and conducting peer reviews of physicians. |