Negative Guilt Syndrome

Negative Guilt Syndrome Negative Guilt Syndrome Negative Guilt Syndrome By Maeve Maddox A reader expresses second thoughts about a sentence she wrote: When I looked back at it, I realized this use of a double negative to convey a positive is an unusual construction and remembered the dire warnings received in my youth to, â€Å"never use a double negative.† The reader is referring to this sentence: You cannot fail to appreciate his intelligence. The sentence is negative, but it does not contain a double negative. A problem with internalizing the rule â€Å"never use a double negative† is that it tends to make speakers leery of negatives in general. This reader has assumed that by using â€Å"a negative to convey a positive† she has committed some kind of error. She hasn’t. The expression â€Å"You cannot fail to (do something)† is a common idiom: Applaud the authors politics or not, you  cannot fail to appreciate  his literary talent.- Book review in Newsday Anyone with a love of the great outdoors and a good walk cannot fail to appreciate Dartmoor.- Travel piece, London Times Practitioners cannot fail to appreciate the frequency of hyperuricemia in many of their patients because, even in asymptomatic patients, it is regularly brought to their attention in the various profiles of biochemical tests.- Scientific paper, University of Queensland. The negative â€Å"cannot fail to† is a softer way of saying, â€Å"you must† or â€Å"you have to.† A common reaction of English speakers to being told that we must do something is â€Å"Oh yeah? Who’s going to make me?† Using the phrase â€Å"cannot fail to† instead of â€Å"you must† is a way to avoid provoking a hostile reaction in the reader. A â€Å"double negative† results from the presence of more than one negative modifier in the same clause. For example, â€Å"I can’t get no satisfaction† is a double negative because it contains not and no. â€Å"You cannot fail to appreciate his intelligence† is simply a negative sentence, like â€Å"I can’t lose.† As for the â€Å"â€Å"never use a double negative† rule, even it has its exceptions. But that’s another post. Related post: Double Negatives To Avoid Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of Rhyme20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementUses of the Past Participle

Using Delphi Queries With ADO

Using Delphi Queries With ADO The TADOQuery component provides Delphi developers the ability to fetch data from one or multiple tables from an ADO database using SQL. These SQL statements can either be DDL (Data Definition Language) statements such as CREATE TABLE, ALTER INDEX, and so forth, or they can be DML (Data Manipulation Language) statements, such as SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE. The most common statement, however, is the SELECT statement, which produces a view similar to that available using a Table component. Note: even though executing commands using the ADOQuery component is possible, the  ADOCommandcomponent is more appropriate for this purpose. It is most often used to execute DDL commands or to execute a stored procedure (even though you should use theTADOStoredProc  for such tasks) that does not return a result set. The SQL used in a ADOQuery component must be acceptable to the ADO driver in use. In other words you should be familiar with the SQL writing differences between, for example, MS Access and MS SQL. As when working with the ADOTable component, the data in a database is accessed using a data store connection established by the ADOQuery component using itsConnectionString  property or through a separate ADOConnection component specified in the  Connectionproperty. To make a Delphi form capable of retrieving the data from an Access database with the ADOQuery component simply drop all the related data-access and data-aware components on it and make a link as described in the previous chapters of this course. The data-access components: DataSource, ADOConnection along with ADOQuery (instead of the ADOTable) and one data-aware component like DBGrid is all we need.  As already explained, by using the Object Inspector set the link between those components as follows: DBGrid1.DataSource DataSource1 DataSource1.DataSet ADOQuery1 ADOQuery1.Connection ADOConnection1 //build the ConnectionString ADOConnection1.ConnectionString ... ADOConnection1.LoginPrompt False Doing a SQL query The TADOQuery component doesnt have a  TableNameproperty as the TADOTable does. TADOQuery has a property (TStrings) called  SQL  which is used to store the SQL statement. You can set the SQL propertys value with the Object Inspector at design time or through code at runtime. At design-time, invoke the property editor for the SQL property by clicking the ellipsis button in the Object Inspector.  Type the following SQL statement: SELECT * FROM Authors. The SQL statement can be executed in one of two ways, depending on the type of the statement. The Data Definition Language statements are generally executed with the  ExecSQL  method. For example to delete a specific record from a specific table you could write a DELETE DDL statement and run the query with the ExecSQL method.The (ordinary) SQL statements are executed by setting the  TADOQuery.Active  property to  True  or by calling theOpen  method (essentialy the same). This approach is similar to retrieving a table data with the TADOTable component. At run-time, the SQL statement in the SQL property can be used as any StringList object: with  ADOQuery1  do begin  Close; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add:SELECT * FROM Authors SQL.Add:ORDER BY authorname DESC Open;   end; The above code, at run-time, closes the dataset, empties the SQL string in the SQL property, assigns a new SQL command and activates the dataset by calling the Open method. Note that obviously creating a persistent list of field objects for an ADOQuery component does not make sense. The next time you call the Open method the SQL can be so different that the whole set of filed names (and types) may change. Of course, this is not the case if we are using ADOQuery to fetch the rows from just one table with the constant set of fields - and the resulting set depends on the WHERE part of the SQL statement. Dynamic Queries One of the great properties of the TADOQuery components is the  Params  property. A parameterized query is one that permits flexible row/column selection using a parameter in the WHERE clause of a SQL statement. The Params property allows replacable parameters in the predefined SQL statement. A parameter is a placeholder for a value in the WHERE clause, defined just before the query is opened. To specify a parameter in a query, use a colon (:) preceding a parameter name.  At design-time use the Object Inspector to set the SQL property as follows: ADOQuery1.SQL : SELECT * FROM Applications WHERE type    :apptype When you close the SQL editor window open the Parameters window by clicking the ellipsis button in the Object Inspector. The parameter in the preceding SQL statement is namedapptype. We can set the values of the parameters in the Params collection at design time via the Parameters dialog box, but most of the time we will be changing the parameters at runtime. The Parameters dialog can be used to specify the datatypes and default values of parameters used in a query. At run-time, the parameters can be changed and the query re-executed to refresh the data. In order to execute a parameterized query, it is necessary to supply a value for each parameter prior to the execution of the query. To modify the parameter value, we use either the Params property or ParamByName method. For example, given the SQL statement as above, at run-time we could use the following code: with ADOQuery1 do begin Close; SQL.Clear; SQL.Add(SELECT * FROM Applications WHERE type :apptype); ParamByName(apptype).Value:multimedia; Open; end; As like when working with the ADOTable component the ADOQuery returns a set or records from a table (or two or more). Navigating through a dataset is done with the same set of methods as described in the Behind data in datasets chapter. Navigating and Editing the Query In general ADOQuery component should not be used when editing takes place. The SQL based queries are mostly used for reporting purposes. If your query returns a result set, it is sometimes possible to edit the returned dataset. The result set must contain records from a single table and it must not use any SQL aggregate functions.  Editing  of a dataset returned by the ADOQuery is the same as editing the ADOTAbles dataset. Example To see some ADOQuery action well code a small example. Lets make a query that can be used to fetch the rows from various tables in a database. To show the list of all the tables in a database we can use the  GetTableNamesmethod of the  ADOConnection  component. The GetTableNames in the OnCreate event of the form fills the ComboBox with the table names and the Button is used to close the query and to recreate it to retrieve the records from a picked table. The () event handlers should look like: procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); begin ADOConnection1.GetTableNames(ComboBox1.Items); end; procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var tblname : string; begin if ComboBox1.ItemIndex then Exit; tblname : ComboBox1.Items[ComboBox1.ItemIndex]; with ADOQuery1 do begin Close; SQL.Text : SELECT * FROM tblname; Open; end; end; Note that all this can be done by using the ADOTable and its TableName property.

College Athletics. Should college athletes be paid Essay

College Athletics. Should college athletes be paid - Essay Example Numerous college students have stated that they have to sacrifice their major of choice for one that require less in put in order to make time for their sports (Steeg, Upton & Berkowitz, 2008). This shows that from the first day of admission, the athletes already had to sacrifice something. Another well known fact is that college sport is commercial and it is marketed and sold in a similar fashion to all the professional sports (Goldman, 1989). If the efforts of the students are being used to generate income, one can justify that they have every right to a share of the profits in the form of a salary. The NCAA however, limits use of funds generated to scholarships and doesn’t offer any additional payments even to cover minor expenses incurred by the students. Surveys have been carried out to analyze what student athletes thought of their first semester showed that the majority of them thought it was stressful and busy. This shows that the athletes are being overworked in a lucrative industry for no compensation (Higbee & Schultz, 2012). Studies have also shown that the college athletes lack the necessary communication and negotiation skills they should possess as athletes. Little attention is paid to this aspect, hence, they are unable to negotiate or express their concern to their superiors (Camire, Trudel & Fomeris, 2009). As a majority of the student athletes are under stressful conditions, the communication style of a coach should be adjusted to cater for these conditions. Most coaches neglect the concerns of the students and paying them would help alleviate the stress from coaches with poor communication skills as the athletes will feel they are getting some reward for their input (Melville, Robey, Kawakami & Lemmen, 2011). There should be a faithful relationship between an athlete’s advisor and the athlete because he listens to a large amount of

To what extent do you agree with free market economies being more Essay - 4

To what extent do you agree with free market economies being more effective than a mixed economy - Essay Example This is because governments will always want to intervene in a market, by imposing taxes for purposes of raising revenue and protecting their markets (Clarke, 2009). There is also another form of a market system referred to as the mixed market economy. A mixed economy has some elements whereby the forces of demand and supply play a role in regulating the prices of commodities, at the same time; the government has some interference with the affairs of the market (Clarke, 2009). This is through taxes and subsidies. In as much as the mixed economy was developed to solve the problems of a free market economy, it is important to denote that a free market economy is still a good form of market structure as compared to a mixed economy. The reason as to why a free market economy is better than a mixed economy is based on the fact that the market is very competitive. Companies, in their bid to attract customers and make sales, will resort to the production of high quality products and services. These companies are concerned with satisfaction of the various needs of their customers, and on this basis, the opinions of customers will be used to produce services and products for purposes of satisfying the needs of customers (Romero, 2003). On the other hand, companies operating in a mixed economy cannot effectively achieve efficiency in providing services and products without increasing their costs. This is because their prices and financial activities are regulated by the various taxes that governments charge. The costs of improving these services will in turn pass over to the customers of the organization. On the other hand, companies in a free market economy would not need to increase their prices, for purposes of adding value to their products. This is because they know that other companies will take advantage of these increases in price, and take over some of their customers (Romero, 2003). It is also cheaper to

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Does a mother have the right to take the life of her unborn child, never giving it a chance to walk this earth and fulfill its God given purpose? Or is it God’s will for that child to be taken at that time, to play an ever constant reminder to the mother of her past decisions, having God use that guilt or experience as a source to steer her life? We neither have the ability to create nor destroy life, as it is God who ultimately decides whether the person terminates that life. From a non-biblical standpoint, it is based on whether a woman finds it ethically right to terminate a pregnancy and what effect it would ultimately have on her happiness. Therefore, abortion is not philosophically incorrect. In this paper, we will discuss the cosmological argument, individual relativism, and act-utilitarianism, all as they pertain to abortion, and how natural law and ethical relativism cause opposition to these theories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As humans, we cannot create nor destroy life, as nothing we do is of true free will. God is who dictates what comes into existence, and our actions, according to cosmological argument, are not self-caused. According to this argument, a person cannot kill what it didn’t create because is it ultimately the creation of God, not us, and it is up to Him as to how long each of his creations are in existence for. In this light, abortion cannot be viewed as wrong, as it is God who leads a woman to the decision to...

English Literature: The Novel Essay

The depiction of a woman as an emancipated slave has been traditional to Victorian literary period. Numerous novels and literary works were written in the form of a female gender scream, which did not change a woman’s position in the then society, but on the contrary, confirmed the unchanging social prejudices towards women. Gender identities and the related social issues have become the central elements of the two novels: Eliza Haywood’s â€Å"Fantomina† and Wilkie Collins’s â€Å"The Woman in White†. The two novels have shown that the social structure of the Victorian society did not give any space for free expression of the female gender identity. Moreover, by crossing the boundaries of the appropriate behaviour, women did not revive their female gender identity, but doomed themselves to social and spiritual failure. The two novels discuss the female prominence in the face of social threats, which usually appeared in the form of gender prejudices, norms, and gender threats. No matter, what a woman could be, â€Å"The Woman in White† and â€Å"Fantomina† prove the irresistible female striving towards self-identification. It seems that both Collins and Haywood show, how women of the Victorian society were trying to preserve their inner world, the female identity, and their female â€Å"face†, even when that face had to be hidden under masquerade masks. â€Å"Through the use of masquerade and deception, many of Haywood’s characters freely give up their virtue, while others hold strong to it, making them vulnerable and subject to greater consequences. † Self-identification and masquerade initially seem the two incompatible elements. However, such combination makes the female struggle for their self-identification even more arduous and painful. The Victorian society puts a woman in a position, in which masquerade serves the best saviour from the pressured reality: the reality pressured by norms, prejudices, and increasing male domination. Among the middle classes, patterns of employment, with the increasing separation of home and working environment, and the rise of commuting, together with the consolidation of the assumption that a male head of a household should be able to provide for the female members of his family, without them having to take paid work, contributed to the establishment of clearly demarcated leisure time and space for both women and men† (Flint 2001, 19) However, while male dominance and male financial superiority gave men excessive freedom and sufficient space for exercising their leisure desires, women were totally deprived of such freedom rights. â€Å"The Woman in White† and â€Å"Fantomina† are the two stories â€Å"of what a Woman’s patience can endure, and what a Man’s resolution can achieve. † The unbearable strength of the female character, imagination, and inventiveness strike the reader. The masquerade and the male desire to deprive a woman of the already lost identity becomes a revelation for the contemporary reader. The use of masquerade, deception, pain, and suffering leads a woman to the situation, when she is no longer able to distinguish the truth from lies, but where she continues challenging gender and social hierarchies. â€Å"The narrative space presents a struggle for authority that ultimately reaffirms the social and institutional status quo. Those individuals who threaten and transgress conventional boundaries of law, narrative, and gender are punished. † On the one hand, such striving to re-affirm social female authority does not lead to any positive consequences. On the other hand, women in Victorian novels exhibit their preoccupation with their real social position and the opportunities they possess to change this position. â€Å"She no sooner heard he left the Town, than making Pretence to her Aunt, that she was going to visit a relation in the Country, went towards Bath, attended by two Servants, who she found Reasons to quarrel with on the Road and discharg’d: Clothing herself in a Habit she had brought with her, she forsook the Coach, and went into a Waggon, in which Equipage she arriv’d at Bath† (Haywood 2004, 65) The two novels re-affirm the discussed struggle for authority in the two different forms: while Fantomina uses masquerade as the means to confirm her superiority over Beauplaisir, Collins’s woman herself becomes the victim of such masquerading male ambitions: â€Å"What had I done? Assisted the victim of the most horrible of all false imprisonments to escape; or case loose on the wide world of London an unfortunate creature, whose actions it was my duty, and every man’s duty, mercifully to control? † This scream of conscience has actually become the expression of the unfortunate and unbearable social position of a woman. To mercifully control – that was the task of the Victorian society in terms of every woman. Patriarchal traditions have led the women of the Victorian age to the most false and horrible imprisonments which a society could create: that imprisonment appeared in the form of societal dominance over female identity in general, and over the behaviour of separate married and unmarried women, in particular. Although Eliza Haywood implies that unmarried women are especially vulnerable to societal attitudes towards them, Wilkie Collins refutes this idea and shows that a married woman is very likely to lose her spiritual authenticity under the pressure of male dominant influence. Even despite the never-ending way to gender freedom, women in these two novels face the wall of misunderstanding and never changing social attitudes. It seems that by reading both novels, we create an objective picture of what a woman could be in Victorian society. A woman could either choose the pathway of social struggle, or to become a victim of this struggle between men. It seems that both authors were trying to reassure their readers in that the described events and the described gender struggles had nothing to do with their Victorian reality. By punishing their women for what they wanted to achieve, Haywood and Collins tried to decrease the significance of their writing, and to show the prevalence of social identity over personal feelings and thoughts of women. Masquerade and madness – these are the two identical lines, which Haywood and Collins exercise to prove their righteousness, and not to be blamed for being too open with their readers. Madness and masquerade – these identical lines lead women to their ultimate moral and spiritual failure, which re-defines their social position and shows that any â€Å"mad† desire to break social norms cannot lead to anything good. â€Å"The rifled charms of Fantomina soon lost their Poignancy, and grew tasteless and insipid; and when the Season of the Year inviting the Company to the Bath, she offer’d to accompany him, he made an Excuse to go without her. † Fantomina’s masquerading attempts and plans ultimately lead her to losing her virtue, but she acquires a new feeling of something inevitable in her life. Masquerade for Fantomina becomes a double failure, expressed in continued disguise which gradually becomes insipid, and in awarding Fantomina â€Å"with Child. † The masquerade has not certainly been the best solution to protect Fantomina from losing her identity, although in many instances, such masquerade has been the only means to be herself. Byrd writes that â€Å"The game could not go on forever, because it began with deceit. Perhaps if the heroine had seduced Beauplaisir under different circumstances with her honour and virtue still in tact, they would have been able to live happily under the confines of marriage. † (738) However, in this passage Byrd either lies to herself, or appears extremely subjective in her judgments. First of all, Fantomina had no other way but to initiate her love affair with Beauplaisir through deceit. Victorian society did not forgive freedom of behaviour and gender expression by unmarried women. Second, although Haywood implies that true love cannot be founded on disguise and lies, the society did not give Fantomina any other chance to conquer Beauplaisir. Third, by suggesting that a marriage could become a glorious opportunity for Fantomina, Byrd initially denies the irreversible consequences a marriage could bring to a woman, as in case with Collin’s â€Å"The Woman in White. † Marriage, about which Byrd writes, in Collin’s plot serves the role of â€Å"managing women’s minds who in different ways stand as figures of deviance and transgression; and in doing so, it offers to Collins’s more conventional readers a reassuring reestablishment of the social order and woman’s place within it. † What has Marian achieved by writing to Laura’s lawyer to inform about Persival’s and Fosco’s plot? What has Marian achieved by taking over the partially masculine features of being less passive, more mobile, and significantly more decisive in her actions? The reader may approve her for holding sufficient courage to fight against the societal circumstances, but the reality proves the opposite. Although Marian is confident that â€Å"Laura’s life itself might depend† on her â€Å"quick ears and faithful memory† , the Victorian society does not give Marian a reliable chance to prove her abilities and the right to exercise her gender identity to the fullest. Her diary (a textual expression) and her body and soul (spiritual expression) are severely punished as soon as she leaves her home and transgresses â€Å"the boundaries of the appropriate behaviour. † Marian’s behaviour and empty strivings again and again re-affirm the position which Haywood took in her Fantomina, and which Collins was initially trying to take in his â€Å"The Woman in White. † Victorian society does not forgive such trespassing. The punishment for breaking the boundaries of the socially appropriate behaviour may take various forms, from false asylum imprisonment, to pregnancy or illness. Marian’s eyes become â€Å"large and wild, and looking at me with a strange terror in them [†¦] pain and fear and grief written on her as with a brand. † In the light of Victorian orthodox traditions of gender identity, Marian may appear an unwomanly woman. Even when the sound of pen’s scraping is replaced by the sound of dress’ rustling, the society does not grant Marian with feminine identity anymore. It becomes evident that as soon as a woman dares to pass the limits of the usual female behaviour she is forever tied to new stereotypes, and has no chance to return to her previous realities. Simultaneously, none of the women described by Haywood and Collins displays any slight desire to again become â€Å"nothing but a woman, condemned to patience, propriety, and petticoats for life. † Conclusion Collins ends his novel with the spirit of â€Å"a good woman† which Marion represents. Her painful transformation asserts the status quo of Victorian gender traditions, and the social weakness of a woman who decides to break them. It is very probable, that both Collins and Haywood display a growing concern of what a woman could be if a man left her â€Å"to act as the pleased. † Collins and Haywood evidently fail to lead their women to the victory of their gender identities, and seem to choose another way as soon as each of the female characters reaches â€Å"the middle of the bridge†. Both novels start with the encouraging desire to prove that society is tragically and disastrously wrong in depriving women of their social and spiritual identity. Both show female strength and endurance in the face of the threats, which the Victorian society could pose on them. The novels reflect a similar â€Å"kind of tension between an identification with transgressive figures who challenge social conventions and a distinct uneasiness about the full economic and legal empowerment of those resolute women who so attracted men. † (Byrd 1997, 737) With the development of each novel’s plot, both authors become explicitly troubled with what consequences the freedom of female identity can cause. Certainly, Collins and Haywood have succeeded in depicting their women as pressured by the irrelevant and unnecessary societal norms. Simultaneously, they have created an impression of the inevitability of social punishment for breaking the boundaries of the appropriate social norms. By reading both novels, the reader acquires full understanding of what a woman had to experience and to endure under the pressure of Victorian male dominance. Despite the fact, that Haywood initially judges and sympathises with the social position of an unmarried woman, the life of a married woman in Collin’s view appears no better than that of Fantomina, who has lost her virtue before being bound by any socially meaningful marriage ties. Both authors have successfully shown the inevitable inequality of social position between men and women in Victorian era: Laura, Marian, and Fantomina are the three victims of excessive societal control over their true female identities. BIBLIOGRAPHY Byrd, A. â€Å"Eliza Haywood: The Rise of the Woman Novelist and Her Response to Feminine Desire Through the Form of the Masquerade. † The Modern Language Review 92, no. 3 (1997): 734-39. Collins, W. The Woman in White. Oxford World’s Classics. Oxford Paperbacks, 1998. Craft, Catherine A.â€Å"Reworking Male Models: Aphra Behn’s â€Å"fair Vow-Breaker†, Eliza Haywood’s â€Å"Fantomina†, and Charlotte Lennox’s â€Å"Female Quixote†. The Modern Language Review 86, no. 4 (1991): 821-38. Flint, K. â€Å"The Victorian Novel and Its Readers. † In D. Deirdre ed. , 17-36. The Cambridge Companion to the Victorian Novel, Cambridge: CUP, 2001. Gaylin, A. â€Å"The Madwoman Outside the Attic: Eavesdropping and Narrative Agency in ‘The Woman in White’ (Critical essay)†. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 43, no. 2 (2001): 304-33. Haywood, E. Fantomina and other works. Broadview Press Ltd, Canada, 2004.

Book Report Capitalism Slavery, Eric Williams - 1513 Words

HIS294Y Thursday February 7th 2006 Book Report: Capitalism Slavery, Eric Williams Capitalism Slavery, (published by The University of North Carolina Press, 1994) was written by Eric Eustace Williams and first published in 1944. Eric Williams book, was at the time of its publication, considered years ahead of its time. It should be noted, early on within this report that, literary works on the history of the Caribbean or slavery for a matter of fact, was done by Europeans. In the preface of his book, Williams clearly asserts that his work, is not a study of the institution of slavery but of the contribution of slavery to the development of British capitalism.1 His work takes an economic view of history, which is at the†¦show more content†¦Not only is it significant addition to the ever growing historiography of the Caribbean but more importantly it is the work of the minority. The word minority, must be put in proper context, as in this case, there were not many writers from the Caribbean that were of African decent who produced scholarly works, bef ore 1950. Being a minority in his field, a native Trinidadian and Caribbean and being a member of a country that was still a colony of Britain (Trinidadian independence was achieved in August 1962), would of have had an immense influence on his writings. Your background influences the type of person you are; essentially the same can be said for Williams scholarly work, his background would have a significant influence on his ideas and conclusions which would differ from a British historian. Proof of the great impact of Eric Williams book, Capitalism Slavery, lays in the fact that after his death in 1981, till this day, historians are still debating and analyzing his work. Williams inspired the next generation of writers on Caribbean history, within the Caribbean. 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