Saturday, January 25, 2020
Abortion Essay -- essays research papers fc
à à à à à Does a mother have the right to take the life of her unborn child, never giving it a chance to walk this earth and fulfill its God given purpose? Or is it Godââ¬â¢s will for that child to be taken at that time, to play an ever constant reminder to the mother of her past decisions, having God use that guilt or experience as a source to steer her life? We neither have the ability to create nor destroy life, as it is God who ultimately decides whether the person terminates that life. From a non-biblical standpoint, it is based on whether a woman finds it ethically right to terminate a pregnancy and what effect it would ultimately have on her happiness. Therefore, abortion is not philosophically incorrect. In this paper, we will discuss the cosmological argument, individual relativism, and act-utilitarianism, all as they pertain to abortion, and how natural law and ethical relativism cause opposition to these theories. à à à à à As humans, we cannot create nor destroy life, as nothing we do is of true free will. God is who dictates what comes into existence, and our actions, according to cosmological argument, are not self-caused. According to this argument, a person cannot kill what it didnââ¬â¢t create because is it ultimately the creation of God, not us, and it is up to Him as to how long each of his creations are in existence for. In this light, abortion cannot be viewed as wrong, as it is God who leads a woman to the decision to...
Thursday, January 16, 2020
English Literature: The Novel Essay
The depiction of a woman as an emancipated slave has been traditional to Victorian literary period. Numerous novels and literary works were written in the form of a female gender scream, which did not change a womanââ¬â¢s position in the then society, but on the contrary, confirmed the unchanging social prejudices towards women. Gender identities and the related social issues have become the central elements of the two novels: Eliza Haywoodââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Fantominaâ⬠and Wilkie Collinsââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Woman in Whiteâ⬠. The two novels have shown that the social structure of the Victorian society did not give any space for free expression of the female gender identity. Moreover, by crossing the boundaries of the appropriate behaviour, women did not revive their female gender identity, but doomed themselves to social and spiritual failure. The two novels discuss the female prominence in the face of social threats, which usually appeared in the form of gender prejudices, norms, and gender threats. No matter, what a woman could be, ââ¬Å"The Woman in Whiteâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Fantominaâ⬠prove the irresistible female striving towards self-identification. It seems that both Collins and Haywood show, how women of the Victorian society were trying to preserve their inner world, the female identity, and their female ââ¬Å"faceâ⬠, even when that face had to be hidden under masquerade masks. ââ¬Å"Through the use of masquerade and deception, many of Haywoodââ¬â¢s characters freely give up their virtue, while others hold strong to it, making them vulnerable and subject to greater consequences. â⬠Self-identification and masquerade initially seem the two incompatible elements. However, such combination makes the female struggle for their self-identification even more arduous and painful. The Victorian society puts a woman in a position, in which masquerade serves the best saviour from the pressured reality: the reality pressured by norms, prejudices, and increasing male domination. Among the middle classes, patterns of employment, with the increasing separation of home and working environment, and the rise of commuting, together with the consolidation of the assumption that a male head of a household should be able to provide for the female members of his family, without them having to take paid work, contributed to the establishment of clearly demarcated leisure time and space for both women and menâ⬠(Flint 2001, 19) However, while male dominance and male financial superiority gave men excessive freedom and sufficient space for exercising their leisure desires, women were totally deprived of such freedom rights. ââ¬Å"The Woman in Whiteâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Fantominaâ⬠are the two stories ââ¬Å"of what a Womanââ¬â¢s patience can endure, and what a Manââ¬â¢s resolution can achieve. â⬠The unbearable strength of the female character, imagination, and inventiveness strike the reader. The masquerade and the male desire to deprive a woman of the already lost identity becomes a revelation for the contemporary reader. The use of masquerade, deception, pain, and suffering leads a woman to the situation, when she is no longer able to distinguish the truth from lies, but where she continues challenging gender and social hierarchies. ââ¬Å"The narrative space presents a struggle for authority that ultimately reaffirms the social and institutional status quo. Those individuals who threaten and transgress conventional boundaries of law, narrative, and gender are punished. â⬠On the one hand, such striving to re-affirm social female authority does not lead to any positive consequences. On the other hand, women in Victorian novels exhibit their preoccupation with their real social position and the opportunities they possess to change this position. ââ¬Å"She no sooner heard he left the Town, than making Pretence to her Aunt, that she was going to visit a relation in the Country, went towards Bath, attended by two Servants, who she found Reasons to quarrel with on the Road and dischargââ¬â¢d: Clothing herself in a Habit she had brought with her, she forsook the Coach, and went into a Waggon, in which Equipage she arrivââ¬â¢d at Bathâ⬠(Haywood 2004, 65) The two novels re-affirm the discussed struggle for authority in the two different forms: while Fantomina uses masquerade as the means to confirm her superiority over Beauplaisir, Collinsââ¬â¢s woman herself becomes the victim of such masquerading male ambitions: ââ¬Å"What had I done? Assisted the victim of the most horrible of all false imprisonments to escape; or case loose on the wide world of London an unfortunate creature, whose actions it was my duty, and every manââ¬â¢s duty, mercifully to control? â⬠This scream of conscience has actually become the expression of the unfortunate and unbearable social position of a woman. To mercifully control ââ¬â that was the task of the Victorian society in terms of every woman. Patriarchal traditions have led the women of the Victorian age to the most false and horrible imprisonments which a society could create: that imprisonment appeared in the form of societal dominance over female identity in general, and over the behaviour of separate married and unmarried women, in particular. Although Eliza Haywood implies that unmarried women are especially vulnerable to societal attitudes towards them, Wilkie Collins refutes this idea and shows that a married woman is very likely to lose her spiritual authenticity under the pressure of male dominant influence. Even despite the never-ending way to gender freedom, women in these two novels face the wall of misunderstanding and never changing social attitudes. It seems that by reading both novels, we create an objective picture of what a woman could be in Victorian society. A woman could either choose the pathway of social struggle, or to become a victim of this struggle between men. It seems that both authors were trying to reassure their readers in that the described events and the described gender struggles had nothing to do with their Victorian reality. By punishing their women for what they wanted to achieve, Haywood and Collins tried to decrease the significance of their writing, and to show the prevalence of social identity over personal feelings and thoughts of women. Masquerade and madness ââ¬â these are the two identical lines, which Haywood and Collins exercise to prove their righteousness, and not to be blamed for being too open with their readers. Madness and masquerade ââ¬â these identical lines lead women to their ultimate moral and spiritual failure, which re-defines their social position and shows that any ââ¬Å"madâ⬠desire to break social norms cannot lead to anything good. ââ¬Å"The rifled charms of Fantomina soon lost their Poignancy, and grew tasteless and insipid; and when the Season of the Year inviting the Company to the Bath, she offerââ¬â¢d to accompany him, he made an Excuse to go without her. â⬠Fantominaââ¬â¢s masquerading attempts and plans ultimately lead her to losing her virtue, but she acquires a new feeling of something inevitable in her life. Masquerade for Fantomina becomes a double failure, expressed in continued disguise which gradually becomes insipid, and in awarding Fantomina ââ¬Å"with Child. â⬠The masquerade has not certainly been the best solution to protect Fantomina from losing her identity, although in many instances, such masquerade has been the only means to be herself. Byrd writes that ââ¬Å"The game could not go on forever, because it began with deceit. Perhaps if the heroine had seduced Beauplaisir under different circumstances with her honour and virtue still in tact, they would have been able to live happily under the confines of marriage. â⬠(738) However, in this passage Byrd either lies to herself, or appears extremely subjective in her judgments. First of all, Fantomina had no other way but to initiate her love affair with Beauplaisir through deceit. Victorian society did not forgive freedom of behaviour and gender expression by unmarried women. Second, although Haywood implies that true love cannot be founded on disguise and lies, the society did not give Fantomina any other chance to conquer Beauplaisir. Third, by suggesting that a marriage could become a glorious opportunity for Fantomina, Byrd initially denies the irreversible consequences a marriage could bring to a woman, as in case with Collinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Woman in White. â⬠Marriage, about which Byrd writes, in Collinââ¬â¢s plot serves the role of ââ¬Å"managing womenââ¬â¢s minds who in different ways stand as figures of deviance and transgression; and in doing so, it offers to Collinsââ¬â¢s more conventional readers a reassuring reestablishment of the social order and womanââ¬â¢s place within it. â⬠What has Marian achieved by writing to Lauraââ¬â¢s lawyer to inform about Persivalââ¬â¢s and Foscoââ¬â¢s plot? What has Marian achieved by taking over the partially masculine features of being less passive, more mobile, and significantly more decisive in her actions? The reader may approve her for holding sufficient courage to fight against the societal circumstances, but the reality proves the opposite. Although Marian is confident that ââ¬Å"Lauraââ¬â¢s life itself might dependâ⬠on her ââ¬Å"quick ears and faithful memoryâ⬠, the Victorian society does not give Marian a reliable chance to prove her abilities and the right to exercise her gender identity to the fullest. Her diary (a textual expression) and her body and soul (spiritual expression) are severely punished as soon as she leaves her home and transgresses ââ¬Å"the boundaries of the appropriate behaviour. â⬠Marianââ¬â¢s behaviour and empty strivings again and again re-affirm the position which Haywood took in her Fantomina, and which Collins was initially trying to take in his ââ¬Å"The Woman in White. â⬠Victorian society does not forgive such trespassing. The punishment for breaking the boundaries of the socially appropriate behaviour may take various forms, from false asylum imprisonment, to pregnancy or illness. Marianââ¬â¢s eyes become ââ¬Å"large and wild, and looking at me with a strange terror in them [â⬠¦] pain and fear and grief written on her as with a brand. â⬠In the light of Victorian orthodox traditions of gender identity, Marian may appear an unwomanly woman. Even when the sound of penââ¬â¢s scraping is replaced by the sound of dressââ¬â¢ rustling, the society does not grant Marian with feminine identity anymore. It becomes evident that as soon as a woman dares to pass the limits of the usual female behaviour she is forever tied to new stereotypes, and has no chance to return to her previous realities. Simultaneously, none of the women described by Haywood and Collins displays any slight desire to again become ââ¬Å"nothing but a woman, condemned to patience, propriety, and petticoats for life. â⬠Conclusion Collins ends his novel with the spirit of ââ¬Å"a good womanâ⬠which Marion represents. Her painful transformation asserts the status quo of Victorian gender traditions, and the social weakness of a woman who decides to break them. It is very probable, that both Collins and Haywood display a growing concern of what a woman could be if a man left her ââ¬Å"to act as the pleased. â⬠Collins and Haywood evidently fail to lead their women to the victory of their gender identities, and seem to choose another way as soon as each of the female characters reaches ââ¬Å"the middle of the bridgeâ⬠. Both novels start with the encouraging desire to prove that society is tragically and disastrously wrong in depriving women of their social and spiritual identity. Both show female strength and endurance in the face of the threats, which the Victorian society could pose on them. The novels reflect a similar ââ¬Å"kind of tension between an identification with transgressive figures who challenge social conventions and a distinct uneasiness about the full economic and legal empowerment of those resolute women who so attracted men. â⬠(Byrd 1997, 737) With the development of each novelââ¬â¢s plot, both authors become explicitly troubled with what consequences the freedom of female identity can cause. Certainly, Collins and Haywood have succeeded in depicting their women as pressured by the irrelevant and unnecessary societal norms. Simultaneously, they have created an impression of the inevitability of social punishment for breaking the boundaries of the appropriate social norms. By reading both novels, the reader acquires full understanding of what a woman had to experience and to endure under the pressure of Victorian male dominance. Despite the fact, that Haywood initially judges and sympathises with the social position of an unmarried woman, the life of a married woman in Collinââ¬â¢s view appears no better than that of Fantomina, who has lost her virtue before being bound by any socially meaningful marriage ties. Both authors have successfully shown the inevitable inequality of social position between men and women in Victorian era: Laura, Marian, and Fantomina are the three victims of excessive societal control over their true female identities. BIBLIOGRAPHY Byrd, A. ââ¬Å"Eliza Haywood: The Rise of the Woman Novelist and Her Response to Feminine Desire Through the Form of the Masquerade. â⬠The Modern Language Review 92, no. 3 (1997): 734-39. Collins, W. The Woman in White. Oxford Worldââ¬â¢s Classics. Oxford Paperbacks, 1998. Craft, Catherine A.ââ¬Å"Reworking Male Models: Aphra Behnââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"fair Vow-Breakerâ⬠, Eliza Haywoodââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Fantominaâ⬠, and Charlotte Lennoxââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Female Quixoteâ⬠. The Modern Language Review 86, no. 4 (1991): 821-38. Flint, K. ââ¬Å"The Victorian Novel and Its Readers. â⬠In D. Deirdre ed. , 17-36. The Cambridge Companion to the Victorian Novel, Cambridge: CUP, 2001. Gaylin, A. ââ¬Å"The Madwoman Outside the Attic: Eavesdropping and Narrative Agency in ââ¬ËThe Woman in Whiteââ¬â¢ (Critical essay)â⬠. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 43, no. 2 (2001): 304-33. Haywood, E. Fantomina and other works. Broadview Press Ltd, Canada, 2004.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Book Report Capitalism Slavery, Eric Williams - 1513 Words
HIS294Y Thursday February 7th 2006 Book Report: Capitalism Slavery, Eric Williams Capitalism Slavery, (published by The University of North Carolina Press, 1994) was written by Eric Eustace Williams and first published in 1944. Eric Williams book, was at the time of its publication, considered years ahead of its time. It should be noted, early on within this report that, literary works on the history of the Caribbean or slavery for a matter of fact, was done by Europeans. In the preface of his book, Williams clearly asserts that his work, is not a study of the institution of slavery but of the contribution of slavery to the development of British capitalism.1 His work takes an economic view of history, which is at theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Not only is it significant addition to the ever growing historiography of the Caribbean but more importantly it is the work of the minority. The word minority, must be put in proper context, as in this case, there were not many writers from the Caribbean that were of African decent who produced scholarly works, bef ore 1950. Being a minority in his field, a native Trinidadian and Caribbean and being a member of a country that was still a colony of Britain (Trinidadian independence was achieved in August 1962), would of have had an immense influence on his writings. Your background influences the type of person you are; essentially the same can be said for Williams scholarly work, his background would have a significant influence on his ideas and conclusions which would differ from a British historian. Proof of the great impact of Eric Williams book, Capitalism Slavery, lays in the fact that after his death in 1981, till this day, historians are still debating and analyzing his work. Williams inspired the next generation of writers on Caribbean history, within the Caribbean. Although his work is criticized in European and North American academic circles, it is still revered within West Indian academicsShow MoreRelatedCapitalism And Slavery By Eric Eustace Williams Essay1232 Words à |à 5 Pa gesCapitalism Slavery, (published by The University of North Carolina Press, 1994) was written by Eric Eustace Williams and first published in 1944. Eric Williams book, was at the time of its publication, considered years ahead of its time. It should be noted, early on within this report that, literary works on the history of the Caribbean or slavery for a matter of fact, was done by Europeans. In the preface of his book, Williams clearly asserts that his work, is not a study of the institutionRead MoreModern Environmental Degradation And Exploitation3639 Words à |à 15 Pagesforefront, protesting the harmful practices that, in the name of profit, degrade the natural splendor and resources of our planet. 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That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical ReasoningRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words à |à 269 Pagesincluding, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. 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Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Structure And Function Of Biology Essay - 2109 Words
Introduction Structure and function in Biology is a broad concept that can be explored within a diverse range of topics across the subject matter. The following essay will be focussed mainly on the subject of Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or more commonly DNA. DNA is a highly complex, intricate and extraordinary macromolecule found within all living cells. DNA is a biochemical noun and can be defined as ...a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. [Oxford Dictionary, c2016] DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, enclosed within a double membrane. Eukaryotic cells are multifaceted and require a high level of regulation to ensure smooth functioning. The double membrane of the nucleus allows gene expression, a key function of DNA, to be efficiently regulated. Furthermore, DNA is found in large quantities within the eukaryotic cell. 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Monday, December 23, 2019
NTT Docomo Case Study and Situation Analysis - 980 Words
NTT Docomo: Case Study 2012 Situation Analysis Introduction NTT Docomo is the leading mobile communications company in Japan with customers exceeding 50 million. NTT Docomo is primarily a provider of phone, web, and mail services. It is reported that Docomos parent company NTT is the largest telecommunications company in Japan and that the top shareholder of the company is the Japanese government. Docomo is reported as an influential force in the continuing advancement of mobile technologies and standards. (NTT Docomo, 2012) NTT Docomo is reported to build on a solid foundation of research and development and to be expanding its global reach through offices and subsidiaries in Asia, Europe and North American, as well as strategic alliances with mobile and multimedia service providers in markets worldwide. (NTT Docomo, 2012) I. Company Facts NTT Docomo employ 23, 671 individuals and has a capital stated at 949.68 billion yen. 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INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (P.E.S.T) 2.1 Political Factor (P) Based on data from Japan Tourism Information, a ââ¬Å"Basic ActRead MoreMcdonalds Value Chain Analysis5751 Words à |à 24 Pages2010 Management Information System: McDonaldââ¬â¢s case study Idris Sugiarto (21671532) McDonaldââ¬â¢s is no doubt the worldââ¬â¢s most powerful brand in quick service restaurant industry in terms of market share and brand value. Committed in quality, service, cleanliness, and value, McDonaldââ¬â¢s must deliver its product to consumers with consistency and efficiency. This report will explore how McDonaldââ¬â¢s corporation maintains its operational excellence through support from integration of sophisticated technologiesRead MoreMobile Telecom Industry in Bangladesh7232 Words à |à 29 Pagesbasis of its customer, competitors, industry perspectives, environmental analysis, marketing perspectives and finally have made some recommendations that we believe would contribute to the further growth and expansion of the industry. Each of the sections mentioned assumes an in-depth analysis. For example, in customer analysis, segments, buying motives and unmet needs have been addressed. Similarly, in competitor analysis, we have identified the major competitors both direct and indirect ones thatRead MoreMarketing strategy of Teletalk Banladesh3931 Words à |à 16 PagesTo ensure fair competition between public and private sectors and thereby to safeguard Public interest To meet a portion of unmitigated high demand of mobile telephone. To create a new source of revenue for the government. 3.0 Current Market Situation Teletalk Bangladesh limited (TBL) have started their first operations in Bangladesh in 2004. The products have been well received and the marketing is the key to the development of its brand image as well as the growth of the customer base. TBLRead MoreA Report on ââ¬Å"a Study on Private Equity in India and Analysis on a Study on Private Equity Investmentsâ⬠7035 Words à |à 29 Pages ââ¬Å"A STUDY ON PRIVATE EQUITY IN INDIA AND ANALYSIS ON PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTMENTSâ⬠SUBMITTED BY SUBHASH KONA ROLL NO: 10138 Date: 9th October 2010 A REPORT ON ââ¬Å"A STUDY ON PRIVATE EQUITYRead MoreA Report on Using Servqual Model to Assess Service Quality of Airtel7671 Words à |à 31 PagesSPSS software to analyze the data collected. Apart from that, we thank all the parties and organization who came to help us to prepare the report. iv Table of Contents Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Title of the Report 1.2 Origin of the study 1.3 Objectives of the Report 1.4 Scope of the Report 1.5 Research Methodology 1.6 Report Preview 1.7 Historical Background 1.8 Limitation 2.0 Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh 2.1 Telecommunication 2.2 Structure 2.3 PSTN 2.4 Mobile phone operatorsRead MoreAn Analysis Of Data Serviceability Of Airtel Service Essay8863 Words à |à 36 PagesAN ANALYSIS OF DATA SERVICEABILITY OF AIRTEL SERVICE POINTS AN ANALYSIS OF DATA SERVICEABILITY OF AIRTEL SERVICE POINTS Submitted to Homayara Latifa Ahmed Chairperson IBA Career Centre Submitted by Rahsin Jamil Roll: ZR- 23 BBA 19th Batch Faculty Advisor A.T.M. Jakaria Khan Lecturer Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka June 17, 2015 i LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL June 17, 2015 Homayara Latifa Ahmed Chairperson IBA Career CentreRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Branding And Branding Essay10448 Words à |à 42 Pagestheir needs and wants so that the offering (brand) could satisfy their mutual aspirations. Branding canâ⬠¢ be used as a differentiation strategy when the product cannot be easily distinguished in terms of tangible features (which invariably happens in case of many services, durables etc.) or in products which are perceived as a commodity (e.g. cement, fertilizers, salt, potato chips etc.). Brand buildingâ⬠¢ is a conscious customer satisfaction orientation process. The brand owner tries to retain customers
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Cypcore positive outcomes Free Essays
Identify the positive outcomes for children and young people that practitioners should be striving to achieve. In 2003 the I-JK government for England and Wales launched one of the most important policies, partly in response to the death of Victoria Climbie, in relation to children and childrenââ¬â¢s services. It was produced as a result of a review of children and young peopleââ¬â¢s services, it had two main findings; one was for all services to work together and share information and it identified five positive outcomes for children and young people. We will write a custom essay sample on Cypcore positive outcomes or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a practitioner working with children I am aware that the upport I give the children to achieve the five positive outcomes is crucial in their development. Be healthy; Physically healthy Mentally and emotionally healthy Sexually healthy Healthy lifestyles Choose not to take illegal drugs Parents, carers and families promote healthy choices Stay safe; Safe from maltreatment, neglect, violence and sexual exploitation Safe from accidental injury and death Safe from bullying and discrimination Safe from crime and anti-social behaviour in and out of school Have security, stability and are cared for Parents, carers and families provide safe homes and stability Enjoy and achieve; Ready for school Attend and enjoy school Achieve stretching national educational standards at primary school Achieve personal and social development and enjoy recreation Achieve stretching national educational standards at secondary school Parents, carers and families support learning Make a positive contribution; Engage in decision-making and support the community And environment Engage in law-abiding and positive behaviour in and out of school Develop positive relationships and choose not to bully and Discriminate Develop selt-contldence and successtully deal witn signitlcant lite Changes and challenges Develop enterprising behaviour How to cite Cypcore positive outcomes, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
McCarthyism in The Crucible Essay Example For Students
McCarthyism in The Crucible Essay McCarthyism in The CrucibleIn The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There is more to the play than the witch trials, though. The Crucible was composed during a time when a similar hysteria was sweeping through America. A virtually unkown senator by the name of Joseph McCarthy was propelled into infamy when while at a speaking engagement at thee Republican Womens Club of Wheeling, West Virginia he charged 205 persons in the U.S. State Department of being members of the Communist Party (Martine 8).Fear caused the American people to succumb to the preposterous charges brought forth by McCarthy displaying resemblances to that of the Salem community in 1692 (Carey 51).In Arthur Millers play The Crucible, there is evidence of parallels between the Salem of 1692 and America of the 1950s, the American Government of the 1950s and its misuse of power, and the high court depicted in the play, using its power to impose a misgui ded justice. The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the spring of 1692 in a village shrouded with chaos. The people of Salem were in uncertain times. Just a year earlier a witch in the nearby town of Beverly was executed and now the witch hysteria had spread to their village. Confused, the people didnt know who to blame whether it be the girls, the negro slave, or even the Devil himself. The insanity that came about was an indication of the fear of individual freedom (Miller 6).In The Crucible, hysteria and hidden agendas break down the social structure and then everyone must protect themselves from the people that they thought were their friends. The church, the legal system, and the togetherness of the community died so that the girls and their families social status might be protected. The fact that Salem was a Puritan community did not help matters either. Puritans were a strict religous group that tolerated no devious behavior. Being isolated from any other group of people with different beliefs created a church led Puritan society that was not able to accept a lot of change. Anyone who was not in good standing with the church was not even allowed in the community (Carey 42).They believed God elected those who were to go to Heaven by the same token though they believed the Devil could choose his disciples also (Carey 43).Puritans deemed anything pleasurable was motivated by and came directly from the Devil. When The Crucible was written, the American society was threatened by communism much like Salem was threatened by witchcraft (Bly 32).On September 23, 1949, President Truman reported that the Soviet Union had developed an atomic bomb striking fear into the American nation (Martine 8).Miller even acknowledged this fear when he said, America had just finished fighting World War II with the help of the Soviet Union against the Germans and now they felt threatened by them, knowing not wether they were still allies or if another war was inevitable. The war made people wary of communism. What Hitler had done was ugly. Americans feared this ugliness. Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live (Exodus 22:18).The puritans of Salem definitely believed in witches and gaurded against them just as the Bible told them so, executing them. Once a person was accused as a witch the only way to live was to turn back to God by repenting and revealing names of other witches so that they might repent or be vanquished (Bly 88). Judge Danforth was devoted to the prosecution of witches. When he arrives in the town of Salem, Danforth sets in motion acts that bring about an evil destructive state of chaos (Carey 15).He believed he inherited his authority directly from God, and therefore carried on the witchhunt mercilessly (Bly 33).He did not give up easily; once he decided someone was a witch he would not rest until a confession was made as is evident in the following quote: Will you confesss yourself befouled with Hell, or do you keep that black allegiance yet? (Miller 111).Danforth may have had too much power also; being the Deputy Governor of Massachusetts, Danforth had the power to try, convict, and execute anyone he decide was a witch (Bly 27). Gimpel the Fool EssayA total of 19 persons were hanged, 1 person was pressed to death, and two dogs were hanged for witchcraft during the Salem Witchcraft Trials (Carey 49).Judge Danforth sentecnced most including Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor for witchcraft and other immorality. When Joseph McCarthy announced the contents of his blacklist in 1950 people started accusing others of being communist just like in Salem 1692. This did not stop McCarthy though. In 1953, McCarthy led 157 more investigations especially into the Voice of America and even the Army Signal Corps in New Jersey. These further investigations go on to parallel that of the judges of the Salem trials and their efforts to find anyone guilty that they possibly could. People such as former U.S. Department of State official, Alger Hiss was accused of being a communist spy. The accusations by McCarthy were so powerful that President Truman himself decided to put in loyalty boards to keep communist out of America (Miller 1). McCarthy did not have enough evidence to convince an investigating committee, led by Senator Millard E. Tydings. His evidence merely depended on others naming people that were communists just as the evidence of the Salem trials was merely the girls naming names.The accusations and investigations spread quickly and affected thousands of people. Librarians, college professors, entertainers, journalists, clergy, and others came under suspicion. McCarthy did not have any evidence though and he eventually lost his support from the people. A few people spent time in jail and thousands were denied jobs, memberships, and other normalities because they had been accused of being communist. It is not difficult to see why a catastrophe such as the Salem witch trials occured. Once one accusation was made, it was easy to release all the buried suspicions and hatred into a wave of madness. The judges of Salem were fooled and many people paid with their life. In the fifties a catastrophe much the same occured just without the same end results. People in Salem who tried to undermine the court were accused as witches themselves just as anyone in America in 1950 who opposed McCarthys trials were accused of being communist (Carey 52). America fell prey to the McCarthy hysteria at first but then realized there was no evidence and put down the idiocy. The Salem witch trials and the McCarthy Investigations were so closely related that one can only wonder when or if it will happen again. In both cases, a party ended up with too much power than they should have as Danforth and McCarthy do. Who is the next to be accused?Works Cited1.Bly, William. Barons Book Notes: Arthur Millers The Crucible. New York:Barons Educational Series, 1984. 2.Carey, Garey. Cliffs Notes on Millers The Crucible. Lincoln, Nebraska: C. K.Hillegass, 1968. 3.Martine, James J. The Crucible: Politics, Property, and Pretense. New York: TwaynePublishers, 19934.Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: Pengquin Books, 1995. 5.Miller, Arthur. Why I Wrote The Crucible: An Artists Answer to Politics. On-line.Internet. Available World Wide Web:http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/miller-crucible.html. 6.Moss, Leonard. Arthur Miller. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980.
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