Essays --

The Evolution of Warrantless Searches With Alcohol, Blood, And DNA With the creation of the First Congress, framers manifested the Fourth Amendment to provide sufficient privacy standards for the citizens of the United States of America. Framers upheld the 4th Amendment to sustain a functioning government-governed relationship, where officials respect individuals’ privacy and rights. During the First Congress, framers explicitly granted, â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† to the citizens. Moreover, courts have delineated two major clauses from the primary text of the Amendment. The first clause essentially protects the privacy of an individual to be safe in person. The immediate second clause introduces a circumstance which warrants are non-essential. Furthermore, both the expectation of privacy and certain circumstances to preserve government interests have collectively emerged from the two clauses. Consequently throughout court cases in the U.S, the protections of the Fourth Amendment have resulted in disagreement explicitly concerning searches violating a person’s privacy and reasonable searches for where no warrants are required. Recently, blood and DNA extractions embody an indispensable role in modern law enforcement. The advent of blood, DNA, and other technologies are now the most significant scientific advancements in the modern era. Since the first use of forensic DNA identification in 1986, DNA’s role in ... ...forcement has utilized blood and DNA tests to exonerate suspects convicted of crimes and guide officials to convict other suspects. Furthermore, in effect of the Supreme Court cases, blood and DNA tests now promote a superior justice system more effectively and efficiently. The recent cases, which have provided many exigent circumstances where warrants are not essential for a search, have developed excelling tactics and procedures to ensure the integrity of modern law enforcement. After these cases, lower courts and law enforcement teams are now able to act quicker and responsively to enforce governmental interests. In conclusion, the trials Samson v. California, Missouri v. McNeely, and Maryland v. King have established clear boundaries for 4th Amendment and they have facilitated the advancement of efficient and applicative technology in modern law enforcement.

Evolution of John Proctor Essay

In one’s life, everyone experiences a situation that gets blown out of proportion. Things get twisted and turned in the wrong direction and the truth seems to be lost in it all. The resolution may take a painstakingly amount of time and work to unravel, but in the end, the truth shall be revealed. In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, John Proctor first does not realize the gravity of the witchcraft trials in Salem, as he discovers what is at stake he notices he has some eternal conflict, but in the end he is at peace with himself. As the Salem witchcraft trials had started to emerge, John Proctor did not seem affected by the situation. While he meets with Abigail, he has a feeling that she is lying to him he tries to brush her off by saying, â€Å"Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time, but I will cut off my hand before I reach for you again.† (Miller, 1359). John Proctor did not want to have to get involved in something that did not necessarily involve him. His first move seemed to be to try and deny her and stay away. Another situation is when Proctor is talking to his wife, Elizabeth. Elizabeth interrogates him about the witchcraft trials but Proctor denies that he has anything to do with them and to try and save the girls. As John denies his association with the situation, he starts to dig himself deeper and deeper in his lies. Without realizing it, he starts up an argument and that decision of lying sets up a new playing field for more lies. When Proctor tries to roll with the punches and just tag along in the lies, he starts to realize the situation is getting out of hand and tries to fight back. As the trials go on, Abigail decides to try and get Elizabeth Proctor to become her newest target to frame. John Proctor takes action and finally reveals the truth that the girls are all frauds. But as he is telling the truth, the townspeople and the court jury are so caught up in the girls’ lies that do not believe a word he says. John Proctor’s attempt to try to make the court believe that he was telling the truth he decides to tell the truth and say that he â€Å"knows† Abigail by saying, â€Å"Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time, but I will cut off my hand before I reach for you again†(Miller 1361). Proctor was desperate enough to dent in his own reputation to try and convince the judges that he was not lying. But little does he know he just created another battle field for arguments that are too much for him to handle. As Proctor tries to deal with his emotional conflict, he decides to give up. When Proctor and his wife discuss what is to become of all the commotion they have been through, Proctor debates whether he should confess and say that he is guilty of witchcraft, or deny and protect his name. Proctor had a sense of negativity and had a feeling things were not going to turn out in his favor. It was apparent that he was already calling it quits. After John had signed his contract of being guilty, he rips it and confesses falsely to be hung. The weight has been lifted off his shoulders. He does not have to worry about his reputation and all the drama that may have come with him if he signed guilty. Through the emotional rollercoaster and turmoil, John Proctor could finally be at peace with himself. As the story comes to a closing, John Proctor is in a satisfied mood. He went from being oblivious to the whole situation and somehow got brought into it. With his kind nature he tried to help the girls out by acting as if he did not know of what was happening, but instead dug himself deeper into a hole he could not dig himself out of. As he realizes how difficult of a place he is in, he gives up. But although he gives up, he was able to die at peace with himself.

Love and Diane Essay

Synopsis Love & Diane tells the epic story of a family over three generations. At its heart lies the highly charged relationship between a mother and daughter, desperate for love and forgiveness but caught in a devastating cycle. For Love, the world changed forever when she and her siblings were torn from their mother, Diane. Separated from her family and thrust into a terrifying world of institutions and foster homes, the memory of that moment is more vivid to her than her present life. Ten years have passed since that day and Love and her five siblings have been reunited with their mother. But all have been changed by the years of separation. They are almost strangers to each other and Love is tormented by the thought that it was her fault. At 8 years old she was the one who revealed to a teacher that her mother was an drug addict. Now she is 18 and HIV+. And she has just given birth to a son, Donyaeh. For Love & Diane this baby represents everything good and hopeful for the future. But that hope is mixed with fear. Donyaeh has been born with the HIV virus and months must pass before his final status is known. As Diane struggles to make her family whole again and to realize some of her own dreams, Love seems to be drifting further and further away from her child. Diane, torn by her own guilt over her children’s fate when she was an addict, tries to help and to care for her grandson. But when Diane confides her fears for her daughter to a therapist, the police suddenly appear at the door. Donyaeh is taken from Love’s arms and it seems to the family as if history has repeated itself. Now Love must face the same ordeal her mother had faced years before. She is charged with neglect and must prove to a world of social workers, therapists and prosecutors that she is a fit mother. And Diane must find the courage to turn away from her guilt and grasp a chance to pursue her long-deferred dreams. While the film takes us deep into the life of a single family, it also offers a provocative look at the Byzantine â€Å"system† that aims to help but as often frustrates the family’s attempts to improve their situation. The film differs from many documentaries that deal with the problems facing poor communities in that it eschews â€Å"talking eads† and interviews with â€Å"experts† and aims instead to immerse the viewer in the experiences and thoughts of a family trying to survive and retain autonomy in the face of terrible challenges. Love ; Diane: Inner-City Blues: An Interview with Jennifer Dworkin For over eight years Jennifer Dworkin documented the personal struggles of a recovering crack addict and her troubled daughter in Love ; Diane. Fellow â€Å"long-term† filmmaker Steve James talks with Dworkin about her epic work of American v’rit’ filmmaking. I first heard about Jennifer Dworkin’s Love & Diane when it played at the 2002 New York Film Festival. Though I missed seeing it because I live in Chicago, the word was that this was a special film, one in which the filmmaker spent years intimately following the lives of a family. Since that’s been my own filmmaking â€Å"M. O. ,† I knew this was a documentary I had to see. So in November, when I finally did settle into my seat at Amsterdam’s International Documentary Festival to watch the film, I had pretty high expectations. Love & Diane lived up to them and more. It’s a powerful, uncompromising, yet compassionate portrait of a mother and daughter coping with a hard life in Brooklyn and an even more difficult personal history between them. In the best sense of the word, the film is a throwback to the heyday of cinema v’rit’ filmmaking in the ’60s and early ’70s, When the Maysles were in their prime and young filmmakers like Barbara Kopple were making their mark. Love ; Diane is one of those films where the filmmaker earned such intimate access and the trust of her subjects that it gives viewers a rare and complex glimpse into the lives of people we rarely really see in films. And like most great film subjects, Diane Hazzard and her daughter, Love, continually confound our expectations of what it means to be a â€Å"ghetto mom† or an â€Å"ex-crack addict† or a â€Å"black teenage mother. † Meeting and getting to know the director, Jennifer Dworkin, was one of the pleasures of the Amsterdam festival. My film, Stevie, also played there, and Jennifer and I found unexpected common ground in the stories each of our films tells. Both films deal with troubled family history, struggles between a parent and child, foster care, poverty and the social service and legal systems. Yet, in other ways, Stevie and Love ; Diane, couldn’t be more different. Filmmaker gave me a chance to talk further with Jennifer about her impressive first film and compare notes about how we each went about making such demanding and challenging films. Steve James: How long did you spend on this film? Jennifer Dworkin: You know, I never answer that question. James: Really? Dworkin: No, just kidding [laughs]. If you count directions I started but didn’t end up using in the film, about eight years, including editing. But not full time. James: Of course not. How could one survive? Dworkin: Exactly.

Becoming A Master Student English Language Essay

Becoming A Master Student English Language Essay This research is based on the first chapter of Ellis’ book on becoming a master student. It describes the traits required in becoming a master student. These traits have also been viewed from the perspective of other scholars. The research shall elucidate some of the traits of a master student such as motivation, self-discovery, appreciation of diversity, truthfulness, acknowledgement of positive qualities, technology mastery, having healthy habits, multiple intelligence, learning through senses, meta-cognition, attitude formation, reprogramming and replacement, flexibility, positivity of intention and clarity of goals. The research also includes a description of why I chose the autobiography based on the writer’s attributes and abilities. There is also a practical application of the traits in my personal experience. Finally, the whole write up shall be recapped in the conclusion section. Discussion The first chapter of the book has been dubbed ‘First Stepsâ€⠄¢. The latest edition of Ellis’ text has enhanced features, charts and additional systems of learning. In earlier editions, the chapter is divided into three broad parts (10th edition). They include Exercise: Invention/Intention; The Discovery Wheel; and Remembering Cultural Differences: Diversity on your Campus. The chapter is not only student-friendly but also instructor-friendly. Student-friendly texts make students visualize difficult concepts (Mundell and DeLairo 8). According to the Davidson Institute for Talent Development, chapter one is helpful in determining what learning experiences best match the students’ abilities; similar to the views of Ellis, Doug and Mancina. There are many traits described in Ellis’ book on how a student could become a master student that is one who knows himself or herself in terms of skill. Some aspects have been expressly mentioned while others have just been connoted by the writer. According to Ellis, a master is a person who is skilled beyond a mere technique. A master student does not struggle. They work effortlessly and produce very good results. The work of a master is self propelled. They work out of their mind. Becoming a master student involves mastering healthy habits. According to Ellis (23), the first step is being truthful. This entails actually determining what works for ones life and that which does not. Those who want to be master students must learn to acknowledge their positive qualities. A master student is the one has mastered technology. This involves supplementing ones texts with computer resources. This is so because it helps in discovering how a student should learn. The chapter also explains that a master student should be able to balance their preferences. For one to be a master student, they must discover themselves. That is why the chapter included a ‘discovery wheel’. The wheel provides a picture of how one sees themselves as students. For one to discover them selves, they should complete the wheel using the Learning Style Inventory (LSI). The author refers to this as the cycle of learning (Ellis 6). The chapter also suggested multiple intelligence as a way of discovering the best strategies for a students learning (Ellis 38). It is stipulated that each student has all of the intelligences to some degree. A master student should not accept paradox.

Networks and how they work ----- See below Essay

Networks and how they work ----- See below - Essay Example A client/server network makes use of one or more dedicated machine (that is known as a server) to share the printers, files, and applications. On the other hand, a peer-to-peer network allows its users to share files using any other user and does not necessitate a central, dedicated server (TechsChange, 2010; Nash, 2000; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). In the same way, the Internet is a huge network of networks. It connects all the networks so that they could receive and send data and information. For this purpose, the Internet uses a communication protocol that is known as TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) (TechsChange, 2010; Nash, 2000; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). This paper presents an overview of TCP/IP network structure and its working. This paper will discuss some of the important aspects of the TCP/IP framework and how this arrangement has enabled the expansion of the Internet into a worldwide network. This paper also outlines some issues regarding these networks. TCP/IP based network management operations are normally associated with a protocol accountable for applying those processes. This protocol is known as the  SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). In fact, the majority of IT people are aware of SNMP as it is common for SNMP to determine â€Å"the† method that network management is carried out in TCP/IP. Basically, the SNMP protocol is an element of a higher-level network management policy known as  the Internet Standard Management Framework. Thus, in order to actually identify how SNMP works, we fulfill some conditions of the method that this network is controlled all together (Kozierok, 2005). In addition, open protocol standards are freely accessible and developed autonomously from some particular computer hardware or operating system platform. In view of the fact that the TCP/IP is extensively supported, thus it is perfect for connecting different hardware and software,

Future geopolitical obstacles and economic development opportunities Research Paper

Future geopolitical obstacles and economic development opportunities In Central Asia - Research Paper Example Subsequent to the breakup of the distinct economic gape of the Soviet Union, the non competitiveness of the Russian and Central economies was spartanly unveiled. This was in particular clear in the state of their trading connections. Economic collaboration flanked by Russia and the states of Central Asia is tampered with in the present day by the nonexistence of significant, harmonized events in the area of industrial assembly and transport communication2. To attain competitiveness on the international market, Russia and the nations of Central Asia require to convey the idea of distinct economic gap to success not only political assertions but by existent actions on the subject of support in a number of areas of the economy. There are additionally a number of hindrances to advance in this industry. One of the major hindrances in the acceleration with Russia and a number of Central Asian nations are attempting to become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO)3. This is a move t hat would destroy the industrial cooperation flanked by Russia and Central Asia similarly previous to its conception. An additional hindrance is the intricate geopolitical state of affairs that surround Central Asia, threatened as it is majorly by the inconsistency of Afghanistan. These factors make it complicated to draw the potential of cooperation in transport and communication in Central Eurasia which is flanked by Russia, the Central Asian Republic and additional nations. Politics and economy has been directly intertwined in the affluent history of association flanked by Russia and Central Asia which includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)4. Trade between Russia and Central has its beginning in the Great Silk Road. Economic association flanked by Russia and Central Asia had had distinctive importance from the time of the second half of the 19th Century. These centuries have been incorporated two times in distinctive spheres: initially that of t he Russian Territory the secondly that of the Soviet Union. When the Central Asian region was under the economic control of the Russian Territory, starting 1860s to 1917, the nations of Central Asia had great right of entry to Russian markets, and Russian investment swamped into the region5. Central Asia started to run away from its economic and geographic seclusion. Powerful trade connections were made-up. States developed on the territory of contemporary Central Asia, on the other hand, lost a lot of their independence, in particular with regard to external economic affairs6. As Central Asia made stronger its economic ties with Russia, so its connections with other nations became weak. Generally, when Central Asia was part of the Russian Territory it stood an underdeveloped and entirely agrarian region, operating largely as a producer of cotton, silk and wool for the Russian textile trade7. The second stage of the Central Asian Union with Russia that went on starting the establish ment of the Soviet Union till the year 1991 as well had equal positive and negative outcomes. On the contrary the Soviet period was a time of unparalleled economic development equally for Russia and Central Asia. Conversely, the nations of Central Asia realized that restrained in the inflexible economic in addition to the political ideological structure of the Soviet System with its centralized structuring and management of allocation of resources. The connections formulated flanked by the Soviet republic in a number of ways contributed to little significance there existed even a formal Soviet terminology which is planned loss making enterprise. This greatly direct union in the Soviet time has led to the economies of Russia and Central Asia and other CIS nations that stand as independent in the present day. The immediate vanishing of the Soviet command structure,

How german jews reacted to nazi persecution from 1933-1942 Essay

How german jews reacted to nazi persecution from 1933-1942 - Essay Example She deliberately and openly flouted this rule and continued to work until leaving the country several months later (Catts, p39). Perhaps her limited experiences of persecution and of the Nazis and Gestapo are what enabled her to defy the law that was intended to prevent her from working, in that she had not been made aware through experience of the possible consequences of her actions. Josef Stone and his family left Frankfurt and Germany just a few months after Gertrude Catts (Stone, p38), but those few months were enough to make his experiences of Nazi persecution quite different. Stone recalls how his family and neighbors began to feel insecure and mistrustful (Stone, p36), afraid to show friendliness towards one another in case it was noticed by the Nazis. He describes how he was arrested on Kristallnacht and subsequently released (perhaps because he was only sixteen years old), and how his father was arrested and imprisoned in Dachau two days later. Kristallnacht was a turning p oint for Jews living in Germany – after this point, says Stone, nobody felt comfortable living in Germany any more. Many of the documents describe similar experiences, and for most of the narrators, anti-Semitism was experienced on a day-to-day basis. For example, Catts and Weinberg say that they or their parents were forbidden to work in German companies or to work at all and Rosenthal describes how her father was forced to do various types of labor. Many of them describe further incidents of segregation of Jews and Germans and general anti-Semitism, some more pervasive than others. Herta Rosenthal, for example, mentions that because she did not â€Å"look Jewish† (Rosenthal, p67) she was able to escape some anti-Semitic behavior – she was served in German shops where her Jewish-looking mother was refused service. Most of the narrators describe incidents of jeering and name-calling at the hands of